Well Logging and Formation Evaluation

This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author’s many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.

The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems.

There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications.

· A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation. · Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts. · Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.

Petroleum geologists, geophysicists, reservoir engineers and drilling engineers.

Introduction

1. Basics

2. 1 Terminology

3. 2 Basic Log Types

4. 3 Logging Contracts

5. 4 Preparing a Logging Programme

6. 5 Operational Decisions

7. 6 Coring

8. 7 Wellsite Mud Logging

9. 8 Testing/Production Issues

10. Quicklook Log Interpretation

11. 1 Basic Quality Control

12. 2 Identifying the Reservoir

13. 3 Identifying the Fluid Type and Contracts

14. 4 Calculating the Porosity

15. 5 Calculating Hydrocarbon Saturation

16. 6 Presenting the Results

17. 7 Pressure/Sampling

18. 8 Permeability Determination

19. Full Interpretation

20. 1 Net Sand Definition

21. 2 Porosity Calculation

22. 3 Archie Saturation

23. 4 Permeability

24. Saturation/Height Analysis

25. 1 Core Capillary Pressure Analysis

26. 2 Log-Derived Functions

27. Advanced Log Interpretation Techniques

28. 1 Shaly Sand Analysis

29. 2 Carbonates

30. 3 Multi-Mineral/Statistical Models

31. 4 NMR Logging

32. 5 Fuzzy Logic

33. 6 Thin Beds

34. 7 Thermal Decay Neutron Interpretation

35. 8 Error Analyses

36. 9 Borehole Corrections

37. Integration with Seismic

38. 1 Synthetic Seismograms

39. 2 Fluid Replacement Modelling

40. 3 Acoustic/Elastic Impedance Modelling

41. Rock Mechanics Issues

42. Value of Information

43. Equity Determinations 9.1 Basis for Equity Determination

    9.2 Procedures/Timing for Equity Determination 9.3 The Role of the Petrophysicist

44. Production Geology Issues

45. 1 Understanding Geological Maps

46. 2 Basic Geological Concepts

47. Reservoir Engineering Issues

48. 1 Behavior of Gases

49. 2 Behavior of Oil/.Wet Gas Reservoirs

50. 3 Material Balance

51. 4 Darcy’s Law

52. 5 Well Testing

53. Homing-in Techniques

54. 1 Magnetostatic Homing-In

55. 2 Electromagnetic Homing-In

56. Well Deviation, Surveying, and Geosteering

57. 1 Well Deviation

58. 2 Surveying

59. 3 Geosteering

60. 4 Horizontal Wells Drilled about a Contact

61. 5 Estimating the Productivity Index for Long Horizontal Wells

Appendix 1: Test Well 1 Data Sheet Appendix 2: Additional Data for Full Evaluation Appendix 3: Solutions to Exercies Appendix 4: Additional Mathematics Theory Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix 6: Useful Conversion Units and Constants Appendix 7: Contractor Tool Mnemonics Bibliography About the Author Acknowledgments Index