Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices

Preface

Author Biographies

1. Introduction

1.1 History

1.2 A Historical Example

1.3 Anthology Architecture

1.4 Summary

References

2. Application of Plastics in Medical Devices and Equipment

2.1 Device Industry Overview

2.2 Health-care Trends

2.3 From Legacy Materials to Advanced Specialty Polymers for Devices

2.4 Driving Trends Leading to New Material Requirements

2.5 Market Factors Affecting the Industry

2.6 Conclusion

3. Plastics Used in Medical Devices

3.1 Plastic Compositions

3.2 Medical Devices—Material Selection Process

3.3 Common Medical Device Polymers

3.4 Summary

References

4. Polymeric Biomaterials

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Polymeric Biomaterials in Ophthalmology

4.3 Polymeric Biomaterials in Orthopedics

4.4 Polymeric Biomaterials in Cardiovascular Diseases

4.5 Polymeric Biomaterials for Wound Closure

4.6 Polymeric Biomaterials in Extracorporeal Artificial Organs

4.7 Polymeric Biomaterials for Nerve Regeneration

4.8 Conclusions and Future Outlook

References

5. Biofilms, Biomaterials, and Device-Related Infections

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Bacterial Biofilms

5.3 Biofilm Microbiology and Infectious Disease

5.4 Device-Related Infection

5.5 Clinical Examples of Biofilm Infections

5.6 Prevention and Treatment

5.7 Conclusions

References

6. Adhesives for Medical and Dental Applications

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Natural Adhesives

6.3 Synthetic and Semisynthetic Adhesives

6.4 Cyanoacrylic Adhesives

6.5 Test Methods to Characterize Strength of Tissue Adhesives

6.6 Medical and Dental Applications of Adhesives

6.7 Bone Adhesives

6.8 Dental Applications of Adhesives

References

7. Silicones

7.1 Chemical Structure and Nomenclature

7.2 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Bibliography

8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Heart Diseases

8.3 The Cardiovascular Devices in Open-Heart Surgery

8.4 The Minimally Invasive Cardiology Tools

8.5 The Technology for Atrial Fibrillation

8.6 Minimally Invasive Surgery

8.7 The Minimally Invasive Valve Implantation

8.8 Support Technology for Surgery Planning

8.9 Conclusions

8.10 Acknowledgments

References

9. Endotracheal Tube and Respiratory Care

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Properties of the Endotracheal Tube

9.3 Endotracheal Tubes and Other Airway Adjuncts

9.4 Proper Safeguarding of the Airway

9.5 Maintenance of the Endotracheal Tube

9.6 Respiratory Therapies for the Intubated Patient

9.7 Conclusions

9.8 Clinical Pearls

References

10. Applications of Polyaryletheretherketone in Spinal Implants: Fusion and Motion Preservation

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Origins of Interbody Fusion and the “Cage Rage” of the Late 1990s

10.3 CFR-PEEK Lumbar Cages: The Brantigan Cage

10.4 Threaded PEEK Lumbar Fusion Cages

10.5 Clinical Diagnostic Imaging of PEEK Spinal Cages and Transpedicular Screws

10.6 Subsidence and Wear of PAEK Cages

10.7 Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Devices

10.8 Cervical and Lumbar Artificial Discs

10.9 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

11. Microbubble Applications in Biomedicine

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Microbubbles for Ultrasound Imaging

11.3 Targeted Microbubbles

11.4 Microbubbles in Drug and Gene Delivery

11.5 Microbubbles in Gene Delivery

11.6 Other Emerging Applications

11.7 Conclusion

References

12. Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

12.1 Introduction: Relevance of Hydrogels to Regenerative Medicine

12.2 Background and Theory

12.3 Utility in Regenerative Medicine

12.4 Applications of Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

12.5 Prospects and Conclusions

References

13. Biodegradable Polymers

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Biodegradable Polymer Selection Criteria

13.3 Biologically Derived Polymers

13.4 Synthetic Polymers

13.5 Combinations (Hybrids) of Synthetic and Biologically Derived Polymers

13.6 Using Polymers to Create Tissue-Engineered Products

13.7 Conclusion

References

14. Regulations for Medical Devices and Application to Plastics Suppliers: History and Overview

14.1 History and Introduction

14.2 United States Regulations

14.3 ISO 13485 (European and Global Standard)

14.4 Other Countries

14.5 Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF)

14.6 Applicability of the Regulations to Material Suppliers

14.7 Conclusion

References

Index

While the prevalence of plastics and elastomers in medical devices is now quite well known, there is less information available covering the use of medical devices and the applications of polymers beyond medical devices, such as in hydrogels, biopolymers and silicones beyond enhancement applications, and few books in which these are combined into a single reference.

This book is a comprehensive reference source, bringing together a number of key medical polymer topics in one place for a broad audience of engineers and scientists, especially those currently developing new medical devices or seeking more information about current and future applications. In addition to a broad range of applications, the book also covers clinical outcomes and complications arising from the use of the polymers in the body, giving engineers a vital insight into the real world implications of the devices they’re creating. Regulatory issues are also covered in detail. The book also presents the latest developments on the use of polymers in medicine and development of nano-scale devices.

• Gathers discussions of a large number of applications of polymers in medicine in one place
• Provides an insight into both the legal and clinical implications of device design
• Relevant to industry, academic and medical professionals
• Presents the latest developments in the field, including medical devices on a nano-scale

Engineers and Scientists involved in the design, manufacture, development, technical support and marketing of medical devices and materials used in medical device manufacture. Other professionals involved in the medical device industry or the clinical use of medical devices.