
The Urban Climate
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The Urban Climate aims to summarize analytical studies directed toward physical understanding of the rural-urban differences in the atmospheric boundary layer. Attempts to quantify conditions have met with some success. There is certainly a clear understanding of the physical relations that create the climatic differences of urbanized areas. Although some of the earlier classical studies are cited here, the emphasis is on the work done during the last decade and a half. This volume comprises 11 chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the literature surrounding the topic, its historical development, and the problem of local climate modification. The second chapter presents an assessment of the urban atmosphere on a synoptic and local scale, and examines the observational procedures involved. The following chapters then go on to discuss urban air composition; urban energy fluxes; the urban heat island; the urban wind field; models of urban temperature and wind fields; moisture, clouds, and hydrometeors; urban hydrology; special aspects of urban climate; and finally, urban planning. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of meteorology, urban planning, and urban climatology.
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 The Literature
1.2 Historical Developments
1.3 The Problem of Local Climate Modification
References
2 The Assessment of the Urban Atmosphere
2.1 Synoptic versus Local Scale
2.2 Observational Procedures
References
3 Urban Air Composition
3.1 The Urban Atmosphere
3.2 Air Standards and Observations
3.3 Pollutant- Weather Interactions
3.4 Urban Climatological Dispersion Models
References
4 Urban Energy Fluxes
4.1 Solar Radiation
4.2 Other Flux Parameters
4.3 Man-Made Factors in the Urban Heat Balance
References
5 The Urban Heat Island
5.1 Development and Growth of the Heat Island
5.2 Fluctuations of the Heat Island
5.3 Vertical Extent of the Heat Island
5.4 Wind Influence on the Heat Island
5.5 Consequences of the Urban Heat Island
References
6 The Urban Wind Field
6.1 Empirical Evidence for Wind Alterations
6.2 Vertical Wind Structure in Urban Areas
6.3 Urban Wind Field and Other Mesoscale Circulations
References
7 Models of Urban Temperature and Wind Fields
7.1 Static Models
7.2 Dynamic Models of Urban Flow
7.3 Model Applications to Air Pollution Studies
List of Symbols
References
8 Moisture, Clouds, and Hydrometeors
8.1 The Urban Humidity Field
8.2 Urban Clouds
8.3 Urban Precipitation
References
9 Urban Hydrology
Text
References
10 Special Aspects of Urban Climate
10.1 Corrosion and Deterioration
10.2 Urban Noise
10.3 Plants in the Urban Atmosphere
10.4 Effects of Urban Atmosphere on Humans
References
11 Urban Planning
Text
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 275
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1981
- Published: July 28, 1981
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780080924199
About the Author
Helmut Landsberg
Affiliations and Expertise
University of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.