Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

1st Edition - May 15, 2013

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  • Editor: F. Selcen Kilinc
  • eBook ISBN: 9780857098931
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780857091239

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Description

Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments.Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles.The Handbook of fire resistant textiles is an invaluable resource for a broad spectrum of professionals in the textiles and apparel industries, including textile and garment manufacturers, engineers, researchers, designers, developers and buyers.

Key Features

  • Provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years
  • Discusses burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers and chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy
  • Covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens

Readership

Material scientists who specialize in fire safety of materials; Any industry with fire safety needs that uses textiles in some part of the construction (aerospace, mass transport, automotive, furniture, etc.); Academics, researchers and students studying textile science and textile chemistry

Table of Contents

  • Contributor contact details

    Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles

    Dedication

    Introduction

    Overview of fire resistant textiles

    Chapter 1: Combustion processes of textile fibres

    Abstract:

    1.1 Introduction

    1.2 Thermal transitions and degradation of polymers

    1.3 Degradation of individual fibre-forming polymer types

    1.4 Polymer fires and the influence of polymer degradation steps on subsequent flame retardant behaviour

    1.5 Flame retardancy

    1.6 Specific mechanistic issues relevant to fibres and textiles: char formation

    1.7 Potential of nanotechnology for flame retarding textiles

    1.8 Future trends

    Chapter 2: Burning mechanisms of fibers

    Abstract:

    2.1 Introduction

    2.2 Ignition source

    2.3 Thermal decomposition of solid to produce fuel

    2.4 Escape of fuel vapor from the degrading solid

    2.5 Reactions in the vapor state – oxidation

    2.6 Excess heat diffusion back to the solid to produce more degradation

    2.7 Reducing flammability

    Chapter 3: Chemical modification of natural and synthetic textile fibres to improve flame retardancy

    Abstract:

    3.1 Introduction

    3.2 Flame retardant strategies for textile materials

    3.3 Polyesters

    3.4 Polyamides

    3.5 Cellulose-based fibres: cotton, cotton blends and viscose

    3.6 Wool and its blends

    3.7 Silk fibres

    3.8 Miscellaneous fibre-forming polymers

    3.9 Conclusions and future trends

    Chapter 4: Multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles

    Abstract:

    4.1 Introduction

    4.2 Back-coating techniques

    4.3 The sol–gel coating technique

    4.4 Plasma surface treatments

    4.5 Nanoparticle-based films

    4.6 Layer-by-layer assembly (LbL)

    Chapter 5: Care and maintenance of fabrics used for flame resistant personal protective equipment (PPE)

    Abstract:

    5.1 Introduction

    5.2 The use of multiple fiber and fabric options in personal protective equipment (PPE)

    5.3 Available care and cleaning guidance

    5.4 Designing a care and maintenance program

    5.5 Implementing a care and maintenance program for flame resistant (FR) PPE garments

    5.6 Conclusions

    Chapter 6: Safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants

    Abstract:

    6.1 Introduction

    6.2 Relevant key types of flame retardants

    6.3 Toxicity of smoke from combustion products

    6.4 Effects of individual combustion products on fire victims

    6.5 Potential toxicity issues associated with individual flame retardants

    6.6 Summary of toxicity issues associated with individual flame retardants

    6.7 Environmental effects of smoke with and without flame retardants

    6.8 Life-cycle assessment of environmental effects of using products with and without flame retardants

    6.9 Conclusions

    Types of fire resistant fibre

    Chapter 7: Flame resistant cotton

    Abstract:

    7.1 Introduction

    7.2 Non-durable and semi-durable flame retardants

    7.3 Durable flame retardants

    7.4 Flame retardants for cotton fleece fabrics

    7.5 Conclusions

    7.6 Acknowledgments

    Chapter 8: Flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

    Abstract:

    8.1 Introduction

    8.2 Manmade cellulosic fibres: types and properties

    8.3 History of flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

    8.4 Strategies for making manmade cellulosic fibres flame resistant

    8.5 Additive selection

    8.6 Commercially available flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

    8.7 Blends

    8.8 Applications of flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

    8.9 New developments and technologies

    8.10 Future trends

    Chapter 9: Flame resistant wool and wool blends

    Abstract:

    9.1 Introduction

    9.2 The flame resistant (FR) properties of wool

    9.3 The flame resistant properties of wool blends

    9.4 Types of fire resistant finishes

    9.5 Polymeric fire resistant finishes

    9.6 Legislation relating to fire resistant finishes

    9.7 Fire resistant (FR) treatments for wool and wool blends: zirconium and titanium salts

    9.8 FR treatments for wool and wool blends: ammonium phosphates and organophosphorus species

    9.9 FR treatments for wool and wool blends: other treatments

    Chapter 10: Flame resistant ceramic fibres

    Abstract:

    10.1 Introduction

    10.2 Types of ceramic fibres

    10.3 Applications of ceramic fibres

    10.4 Future trends

    Chapter 11: Flame resistant composites and nanocomposites

    Abstract:

    11.1 Introduction

    11.2 Key composite and nanocomposite flammability issues

    11.3 Composite materials

    11.4 Fire resistance of nanocomposites

    11.5 Future trends

    Chapter 12: Flame resistant nonwoven fabrics

    Abstract:

    12.1 Introduction

    12.2 Nonwoven fabrics

    12.3 Production of nonwovens

    12.4 Flame resistance of nonwovens

    12.5 Types of flame retardants

    12.6 Flame resistance of cellulose

    12.7 Flame resistant (FR) treatments of cellulosic fibers

    12.8 Highloft nonwovens and cotton blend highlofts

    12.9 FR nonwoven applications

    12.10 Future trends

    Testing and regulation of fire resistant textiles

    Chapter 13: Selection of flame resistant protective clothing

    Abstract:

    13.1 Introduction

    13.2 Compliance with minimum requirements

    13.3 Key protection factors for the selection of flame resistant (FR) protective clothing

    13.4 Other factors effecting the selection of FR garments

    13.5 Case study: selection of FR workwear garments for protection against flash fires

    13.6 Sources of further information and advice

    Chapter 14: Flame resistant clothing standards and regulations

    Abstract:

    14.1 Introduction

    14.2 Standardisation bodies

    14.3 Basic health and safety requirements (BHSR)

    14.4 General standards which apply to all types of protective clothing

    14.5 Standards for industrial garments

    14.6 Clothing standards for specific jobs

    14.7 Application of standards

    14.8 Future trends

    Chapter 15: Characterizing comfort properties of flame resistant fabrics and garments

    Abstract:

    15.1 Introduction

    15.2 Definition of comfort in clothing

    15.3 Comfort characterization methods

    15.4 Comfort properties of fabrics and garments

    15.5 Interactions between thermal protection and comfort

    15.6 Future trends

    Chapter 16: Physiological impact of flame resistant clothing: managing heat stress

    Abstract:

    16.1 Introduction

    16.2 Overview of occupational heat stress

    16.3 Physiological and environmental factors affecting body heat

    16.4 Regulation of body heat

    16.5 Heat stress resulting from use of fire-retardant personal protective ensembles (FR-PPEs)

    16.6 Strategies for mitigation of heat stress

    16.7 Non-physiological cooling strategies

    16.8 Conclusions

    Chapter 17: Flame retardancy testing and regulation of soft furnishings

    Abstract:

    17.1 Introduction

    17.2 Soft furnishing flammability regulations: mattresses

    17.3 Soft furnishing flammability regulations: upholstered furniture

    17.4 Factors contributing to the flammability of soft furnishings

    17.5 Fire blocking technologies for soft furnishings

    17.6 Future trends in fire blocking technologies

    Applications of fire resistant textiles

    Chapter 18: Flame resistant textiles for flash fires

    Abstract:

    18.1 Introduction

    18.2 Flash fire hazards and regulation

    18.3 Performance and requirements of flame retardant textiles for flash fire protection

    18.4 Design of flame retardant fabrics and clothing for flash fire protection

    18.5 Fabric and fiber materials used in flash fire applications

    18.6 Recent advances in flash fire clothing

    18.7 Future trends

    Chapter 19: Flame resistant textiles for structural and proximity fire fighting

    Abstract:

    19.1 Introduction

    19.2 Exposure hazards

    19.3 Design and performance requirements of firefighter protective clothing

    19.4 Materials used in protective clothing for structural and proximity firefighting

    19.5 Key issues in the design and manufacture of clothing for structural and proximity firefighters

    19.6 Advances in firefighter clothing materials and technology

    19.7 Future trends

    Chapter 20: Flame resistant textiles for electric arc flash hazards

    Abstract:

    20.1 Introduction

    20.2 Key flammability issues affecting electric arc clothing

    20.3 The development of arc flash standards and testing

    20.4 Performance requirements

    20.5 Calculation of arc ratings

    20.6 Design requirements

    20.7 Materials used in electric arc applications

    20.8 Effect of common weaves and other factors in arc flash

    20.9 Advances in electric arc clothing

    20.10 Future trends

    Chapter 21: Flame resistant textiles for molten metal hazards

    Abstract:

    21.1 Introduction

    21.2 Key flammability issues for clothing protecting against molten metal

    21.3 Hazards from molten metal

    21.4 Performance requirements for protective clothing

    21.5 Design requirements and materials for protective clothing

    21.6 Advances in clothing protecting against molten metal hazards

    21.7 Future trends

    Chapter 22: Flame resistant textiles for transport applications

    Abstract:

    22.1 Introduction

    22.2 Key flammability issues of fire retardant (FR) textiles in transport

    22.3 General testing and performance requirements

    22.4 Future trends

    Chapter 23: Flame retardant fiber-reinforced composites

    Abstract:

    23.1 Introduction

    23.2 Polymer fiber-reinforced composite flammability fundamentals

    23.3 Flame retardancy for fiber-reinforced polymer composites

    23.4 Future trends

    23.5 Acknowledgements

    Index

Product details

  • No. of pages: 704
  • Language: English
  • Copyright: © Woodhead Publishing 2013
  • Published: May 15, 2013
  • Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
  • eBook ISBN: 9780857098931
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780857091239

About the Editor

F. Selcen Kilinc

Dr Fatma Selcen Kilinc has a PhD in Textile Engineering and works as a senior researcher at the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA in the area of personal protective clothing and equipment. She has published extensively in such areas of fiber/polymer science as high performance materials, protective clothing, fabric comfort and modelling, characterization of fibers and fabrics, and antibacterial applications. She holds a patent in polymer implants for timed release of drugs. She is a member of ASTM International, AATCC, TAPPI, and AAMI technical committees and an area editor of the Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics.

Affiliations and Expertise

Consultant, USA

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