Three-Dimensional Microfabrication Using Two-Photon Polymerization

1.1 Laser-Based Micro-Additive Manufacturing Technologies

1.2 Microstereolithography

1.3 Fundamentals of Two-Photon Fabrication

2.1 Free Radical Photopolymerization of Multifunctional Monomers

2.2 Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Photoinitiators for Two-Photon Polymerization

2.3 Materials for Two-Photon Polymerization

3.1 Reaction Mechanisms and In Situ Process Diagnostics

3.2 Metrology

3.3 Polymers Characterization by Coherent Raman Processes

4 Mask-Directed Micro-3D Printing

5 Geometrical Analysis and Computation Using Layered Depth-Normal Images for Three-Dimensional Microfabrication

1. 6 Motion Systems: An Overview of Linear, Air Bearing, and Piezo Stages

7 Focusing Through High-Numerical Aperture Objective

8 Linewidth and Writing Resolution

9 Making Two-Photon Polymeryzation Faster

10 Microstructures, Post-TPP Processing

11 A Collection of Microsculptures

12.1 Micro-Optics Via Ultrafast Laser Writing: Miniaturization, Integration, and Multifunctionalities

12.2 Remotely Driven Micromachines Produced by Two-Photon Microfabrication

12.3 Microfluidics

12.4 Cell Motility and Nanolithography

13.1 Fabrication of 3D Micro-Architected/Nano-Architected Materials

13.2 Two-Photon Polymerization as a Component of Desktop Integrated Manufacturing Platforms

13.3 Engineering Microenviroments for Cancer Study

13.4 Materials Development for Additive Manufacturing: a case study for TPP

Appendix A Basic Photoshop for Electron Microscopy

Appendix B Numerical Examples

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) stands out in its versatility, low costs and straightforward chemistry, compared with other microfabrication techniques. TPP microfabrication is increasingly employed in a range of industries where miniaturization of complex structures is crucial, for a variety of applications, including for metamaterials, plasmonics, tissue engineering and microfluidics.

This book offers a comprehensive guide to TPP microfabrication and a unified description of TPP microfabrication across disciplines. It offers in-depth discussion and analysis of all aspects of TPP including the necessary background, pros and cons of TPP microfabrication compared to other microfabrication techniques as well as practical information on material selection, equipment, processes and characterization. Current and future applications are covered and case studies provided as well as challenges for adoption of TPP microfabrication techniques in other areas are outlined. The freeform capability of TPP is illustrated with numerous scanning electron microscopy images.

The new edition includes new chapters, covering metrology, synthesis and characterization of photoinitiators used in TPP, negative- and positive-tone photoresists, and nonlinear optical characterization of polymers. In addition, the existing chapters have been updated to reflect advances made since the first edition was published. This makes for an important resource that will be useful for scientists involved in microfabrication, generation of micro- and nano-patterns and micromachining.

• Discusses the major types of nanomaterials used in the agriculture and forestry sectors, exploring how their properties make them effective for specific applications
• Explores the design, fabrication, characterization and applications of nanomaterials for new agri-products
• Offers an overview of regulatory aspects regarding the use of nanomaterials for agriculture and forestry

Materials scientists, food and agricultural scientists, environmental scientists