Machine Learning for Planetary Science

Machine Learning for Planetary Science presents planetary scientists with a way to introduce machine learning into the research workflow as increasingly large nonlinear datasets are acquired from planetary exploration missions. The book explores research that leverages machine learning methods to enhance our scientific understanding of planetary data and serves as a guide for selecting the right methods and tools for solving a variety of everyday problems in planetary science using machine learning. Illustrating ways to employ machine learning in practice with case studies, the book is clearly organized into four parts to provide thorough context and easy navigation.

The book covers a range of issues, from data analysis on the ground to data analysis onboard a spacecraft, and from prioritization of novel or interesting observations to enhanced missions planning. This book is therefore a key resource for planetary scientists working in data analysis, missions planning, and scientific observation.

• Includes links to a code repository for sharing codes and examples, some of which include executable Jupyter notebook files that can serve as tutorials
• Presents methods applicable to everyday problems faced by planetary scientists and sufficient for analyzing large datasets
• Serves as a guide for selecting the right method and tools for applying machine learning to particular analysis problems
• Utilizes case studies to illustrate how machine learning methods can be employed in practice

Graduate students and researchers working in planetary science, especially data analysis and planetary missions

Part I: Introduction to Machine Learning
1. Types of ML methods (supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised; classification, regression)
2. Dealing with small labeled datasets (semi-supervised learning, active learning)
3. Selecting a methodology and evaluation metrics
4. Interpreting and explaining model behavior
5. Hyperparameter optimization and training neural networks

Part II: Methods of machine learning
6. The new and unique challenges of planetary missions
7. Data acquisition (PDS nodes, etc.) and Data types, projections, processing, units, etc.

Part III: Useful tools for machine learning projects in planetary science
8. The Python Spectral Analysis Tool (PySAT): A Powerful, Flexible, Preprocessing and Machine Learning Library and Interface
9. Getting data from the PDS, pre-processing, and labeling it

Part IV: Case studies
10. Enhancing Spatial Resolution of Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Deep Learning and/or Data Restoration
11. Surface mapping via unsupervised learning and clustering of Mercury’s Visible–Near-Infrared reflectance spectra
12. Mapping Saturn using deep learning
13. Artificial Intelligence for Planetary Data Analytics - Computer Vision to Boost Detection and Analysis of Jupiter's White Ovals in Images Acquired by the Jiram Spectrometer