Examination of the Newborn and Neonatal Health

A Multidimensional Approach

2nd Edition - September 16, 2020
Authors: Lorna Davies, Sharon McDonald
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 4 9 5 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 9 4 1 - 2

Examination of the Newborn and Neonatal Health

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Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
1. Introduction
Contextualizing the newborn infant examination
When is the NIPE performed?
References
2. The practical examination of the newborn
When should the newborn infant physical examination be carried out?
Practical examination of the newborn
Key points
References
Websites
3. From gametes to fetus: A chronology of embryo development
Introduction
Overview of genes, chromosomes and inheritance
Fertilization, zygote formation and embryo development
From fertilization to implantation (1–6 days post-fertilization)
The embryo during and after implantation (14–21 days post-fertilization)
Morphogenesis (2–8 weeks after fertilization)
Summary
Conclusion
Key points
References
4. Antenatal screening and testing: The significance for the health of the newborn
Introduction
Infectious diseases screening
Screening for sickle cell and thalassaemia
Screening for fetal chromosome abnormalities
Fetal anomaly screening: Ultrasound scans
Conclusion
Key points
References
Useful websites
5. Influences on the health of the newborn, before and during pregnancy
Epigenetics
The significance of history-taking
Preconception care
Factors that may influence fetal health
Conclusion
Key points
References
6. Maternal and newborn transition: Adjustment to extrauterine life
Introduction
An integrated approach: The mother–baby dyad
Neonatal energy triangle
Cardiorespiratory transition
Metabolic transition
Hypothermia
The microbiome
Skin-to-skin care/contact
Conclusion
Key points
References
7. Resuscitation of the newborn baby
Apgar score
Physiology
Preparing ourselves
Preparing the environment
Preparing the parents
Resuscitation
Communication
Record-keeping
Complex cases
Unexpected responses
Key points
References
8. Neurological, behavioural and growth assessment of the newborn
Gathering of history and antenatal and intrapartum events
Behavioural observational assessment
Central and peripheral nervous systems and cranial nerves
Reflexes
6- to 8-week follow-up assessment
Gestational age assessment
Growth charts (centile charts)
Conclusion
Key points
References
9. Congenital cardiac anomalies in the newborn: Causes, effects and treatment
Introduction
Prevalence
Causes of congenital heart disease
Diagnosing congenital heart disease
Treatment of congenital heart disease
Common congenital heart disease defects (CHD)
Conclusion
Key points
References
10. The newborn eye: Visual function and screening for ocular disorders
Introduction
The newborn eye: Anatomy and physiology
The newborn eye: Visual acuity and visual function
The newborn eye: Investigative techniques
Ocular disorders: Leukocoria
Ocular disorders: Nasal lacrimal duct obstruction
Ocular disorders: Infantile glaucoma
Ocular disorders: Conjunctivitis
Summary
Key points
References
11. Congenital abnormality: Screening, diagnosis and communication
The power of language
Incidence and classification
Pregnancy and screening
Antenatal diagnosis
Termination of pregnancy
Communication in the antenatal period
Supporting autonomous decision-making and the role of nondirectiveness
Postnatal communication
What do parents want from health professionals?
Conditions the practitioner may encounter
Conclusion
Key points
References
12. Neonatal jaundice: Implications for newborn health
Introduction
The physiology and biology of bilirubin in humans
Jaundice in the newborn
Role of the midwife
The assessment of jaundice
Specific diagnoses
Management of physiological jaundice
Complications of significant unconjugated jaundice
Prolonged jaundice
Follow-up
Conclusion
Key points
References
13. Neonatal skincare and cord care: Implications for practice
Introduction
Skin structure
Skincare
Cord care
Conclusion
Key points
References
14. Newborn screening and immunization
Blood spot screening (newborn metabolic screening)
Guidelines for practice
Current tests in the UK and other countries
Hearing screening
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Testes
Immunization
Conclusion
Key points
References
Support groups and useful websites
15. Helping parents make decisions
Introduction
Decision-making
Translating theory into practice
Case studies
Conclusion
Key points
References
Vitamin K in the newborn (case study 1)
Tongue-tie (case study 2)
Infant feeding (case study 3)
Safe sleep (case study 4)
Smoking in pregnancy (case study 5)
Index

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Lorna Davies

Sharon McDonald