Evidence-Based Medicine
How to Practice and Teach EBM
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Now in its fifth edition, this classic introduction to the practice and teaching of evidence-based medicine is written for busy clinicians at any stage of their career who want to learn how to practise and teach evidence-based medicine (EBM). It is short and practical, emphasizing direct clinical application of EBM and tactics to practise and teach EBM in real-time. The online toolkit includes Critical appraisal worksheets, Educational prescription, Pocket Cards, EBM calculators, Educational Prescriptions, Clinical Questions log, Self evaluations.
Table of Contents
- Cover image
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Dedication
- Copyright
- Contents of EBM Toolbox
- Index of Teaching Moments
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- What is evidence-based medicine?
- Why the need for a new edition of this book?
- How do we practise EBM?
- Can clinicians practise EBM?
- What's the “E” in EBM?-
- What are the limitations of EBM?
- How is this resource organized?
- References
- 1 Asking answerable clinical questions
- Background and foreground questions
- Our reactions to knowing and to not knowing
- Where and how clinical questions arise
- Practising evidence-based medicine in real time
- Why bother formulating questions clearly?
- Teaching questions for EBM in real time
- References
- 2 Acquiring the evidence
- Orientation to evidence-based information resources: where to find the best evidence
- How to deal with the evidence that finds US (“push” evidence): keeping up to date efficiently
- Walking the walk: searching for evidence to solve patient problems
- References
- 3 Appraising the evidence
- Further reading
- 4 Therapy
- Further reading about individual randomized trials
- Further reading about systematic reviews
- Further reading about individual randomized trials and qualitative studies
- Further reading about clinical decision analysis
- Further reading about economic analysis
- Further reading about n-of-1 trials
- References
- 5 Diagnosis and screening
- What is normal or abnormal?
- Is this evidence about the accuracy of a diagnostic test valid?
- Does this (valid) evidence demonstrate an important ability of this test to accurately distinguish patients who do and don't have a specific disorder?
- Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios
- Practising evidence-based medicine in real time
- Screening and case finding—proceed with caution!
- References
- Further reading
- 6 Prognosis
- Types of reports on prognosis
- Are the results of this prognosis study valid?
- Is this valid evidence about prognosis important? (Box 6.2)
- Can we apply this valid, important evidence about prognosis to our patient? (Box 6.3)
- Practising evidence-based medicine in real time
- References
- Further reading
- 7 Harm
- Types of reports on harm/etiology
- References
- Further reading
- 8 Evaluation
- How am I doing?
- Is our practice improving?
- How much of our practice is evidence based?
- Evaluating our performance as teachers
- References
- Further reading
- 9 Teaching evidence-based medicine
- Three modes of teaching EBM
- Teaching EBM—top 10 successes
- Teaching EBM—top 10 failures
- Teaching and learning EBM on an inpatient service
- Teaching and learning EBM in the outpatient clinic
- Writing structured summaries of evidence-based learning episodes
- Incorporating EBM into existing educational sessions
- Integrating EBM into a curriculum
- Integrating EBM into 4-year medical school curriculum—a worked example,
- Learning more about how to teach EBM
- Tips for teaching EBM in clinical teams and other small groups
- References
- Appendix 1 Glossary
- Terms you are likely to encounter in your clinical reading
- Terms specific to treatment effects
- How to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs)
- Sample calculation
- Calculation of odds ratio/relative risk
- Appendix 2 Confidence intervals
- Statistical inference
- Calculating confidence intervals
- Multiple estimates of treatment effect
- Confidence intervals in meta-analysis
- Clinical significance section
- Comment
- References
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 336
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2018
- Published: February 27, 2018
- Imprint: Elsevier
- eBook ISBN: 9780702062971
- Paperback ISBN: 9780702062964
About the Authors
Sharon Straus
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Paul Glasziou
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Australia
W. Scott Richardson
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Medicine and Campus Associate Dean for Medical Education, AU/UGA Medical Partnership Campus, Athens, Georgia, USA
R. Brian Haynes
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor Emeritus of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada