Water Quality Management

Preface1 Introduction Definition of Water Quality Management Pollution and Water Quality Management The Economic Impact of Water Quality Land Use and Water Quality References2 Legislation Introduction Water Use Laws Ambient Standards versus Effluent Standards Criteria versus Standards The Development of Water Pollution Control Legislation in the United States Other Laws Affecting Water Quality Management The State's Role in Water Pollution Control The American Judicial System and Water Quality References3 Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water Quality Introduction Classification of Pollutants Indicators of Water Quality Water Quality Index The Natural Quality of Water References4 Biological Aspects of Water Quality Introduction Ecosystem Response to Stress Biological Indices of Water Quality Toxicity Bioassays Bacteriological Indices of Water Quality Epilogue References5 Quality Requirements for the Beneficial Uses of Water Introduction Stream and Effluent Water Quality Standards Beneficial Uses of Water The Assignment of Stream Use Designations Waste Load Allocation Antidegradation Concept References6 The Dynamics of the Water Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle The Watershed or River Basin References7 Pollution Sources, Loadings, and Wastewater Characterization Introduction Point Source Pollution Pollution from Diffuse Sources Wastewater Characterization References8 Introduction to Water Quality Modeling Fundamental Concepts Steps in Systems Analysis Basic Mathematical Models Basic Mass Balance Relationships—Simple Models Basic Input Characteristics Input-Output Analysis of Linear Systems Time Domain Deterministic Models for Complex Water Resource Systems References9 Transport Processes Basic Principles of Water Movement Methods of Solution of Flow Equations Mass (Quality) Transport A Kinetic Model for Sedimentation of Cohesive Sediments References10 The Modeling of Streams and Estuaries Introduction Overview of Modeling The Basic Model Modifications of the Streeter-Phelps Theory Determination of Parameters The Dosag I Model Estuaries Statistical Analyses of Water Quality Data Transport of Pollutants Adsorbed on Sediment Some Modeling Caveats References11 Applications of Water Quality Models Introduction General Approach to Water Quality Modeling Application of Dosag I Model Modeling Effects of Aquatic Weeds References12 Lakes and Reservoirs Characterization of Reservoirs and Lakes Reservoir Dynamics Conceptual Representation of a Reservoir Energy Budget of a Reservoir Vertical Flow Distribution and Selective Withdrawal Effects of Stratified Flow on Water Quality Water Quality Modeling in Lakes Reservoir Water Quality Predictions Control of Hypolimnetic Water Quality References13 Eutrophication Definitions Trophic State Trophic Index Factors Affecting Eutrophication Modeling Eutrophication Lake Rehabilitation References14 Thermal Pollution Introduction Overflow versus Completely Mixed Heated Discharges Cultural Heat Contributions Effects of Heat on the Environment Effects of Heat Additions on Aquatic Life Mechanisms for the Natural Dissipation of Heat Beneficial Use of Waste Heat References15 Mixing Zones and Outfall Design Introduction Outfall Design References16 Pollutant Movement and Transformation in Soils Introduction Pollutant Movement and Transformation Model Soil Water Movement Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media Soil Adsorption Nitrogen Accumulation and Leaching by Soils ReferencesIndex