Ventilation, Blood Flow, and Diffusion

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume II


1 Historical Development

I. Introduction

II. Knowledge prior to the Seventeenth Century

III. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

IV. Nineteenth Century

V. Alveolar Gas and Dead Space

VI. Secretion versus Diffusion

VII. Blood Gases

References


2 Development of Concepts in Rochester, New York, in the 1940s

I. Introduction

II. Equipment

III. The High-Altitude Chamber

IV. Sampling and Analysis of Alveolar Gas

V. The Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Diagram

VI. The Ventilation-Perfusion Relationship

VII. The Pressure-Volume Diagram

IX. Retrospect

Appendix

References


3 Development of the Three-Compartment Model for Dealing with Uneven Distribution

I. Cast of Characters during World War II

II. Alveolar Gas and End-Capillary Blood

III. The Three-Compartment Model

IV. Reflections on a Simpler Era

V. Newer Models for New Times

References


4 Intrapulmonary Gas Mixing and Stratification

I. Concepts and Significance

II. Diffusion in Gas Phase

III. Diffusion in Convective Flow

IV. Anatomical Basis for Lung Models

V. Mathematical Analysis of Gas Mixing in the Lung

VI. Experimental Approaches to Identification of Stratified Inhomogeneity

VII. Conclusions

VIII. Appendix: Stratification in Nonmammalian Vertebrates

References


5 Blood- Gas Equilibration in Lungs

I. Equilibrium Condition

II. Diffusion Limitation: Concept and General Model

III. Lung Models and Experimental Designs for Determination of Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

IV. Problems in Application of Models to Real Lungs

V. Gas-Blood Equilibration in Functionally Inhomogeneous Lungs

VI. Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

References


6 Kinetics of Pulmonary Gas Exchange

I. Experimental Techniques

II. Oxygen Reactions

III. Carbon Monoxide Reactions

IV. Carbon Dioxide Reactions

V. Kinetics of O2-CO2 Interactions

VI. Time Course of Pulmonary O2 and CO2 Exchange

VII. Slow pH and PCO2 Changes

References


7 Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Analysis Using PO2, PCO2, and PN2

III. Analysis following Gas Wash-Out

IV. Use of Foreign (Inert) Gases

V. Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality in Disease

References


8 Numerical Analysis of Gas Exchange

I. Numerical Analysis in Steady State Gas Exchange

II. Linear Programming in Pulmonary Gas Exchange

III. Nonsteady State Gas Exchange

References


9 Mathematical Analysis of Compartmental Lung Models

I. Introduction

II. Steady State Inert Gas Elimination: The Problem of Parallel Equivalence

III. Impairment of Inert Gas Exchange in Parallel Ventilation and Perfusion Models

IV. Impairment of Gas Exchange in Inhomogenous Lung Models: Nonlinear Dissociation Curves

V. Inert Gas Elimination Studies without Mixed Venous Partial Pressures

VI. Insoluble Gas Wash-Out Studies

VII. Transient Inert Gas Transfer

References

Index