Toxins in Plant Disease

1st Edition - November 28, 1981
Editor: R Durbin
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 7 0 4 - 0

Toxins in Plant Disease presents a comprehensive coverage of plant disease toxins, both those for which there are reasonable evidence and those with fewer credentials. This book… Read more

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Toxins in Plant Disease presents a comprehensive coverage of plant disease toxins, both those for which there are reasonable evidence and those with fewer credentials. This book is primarily concerned with the mechanism wherein substances that interfere with metabolism or that alter the normal structure of protoplasm are produced and released (category 1); this includes the traditional toxins, which are usually of low molecular weight. It also describes category 2 mechanism, wherein substances that interfere with normal control of growth and development are produced and released; these microorganisms are classified as growth-affecting compounds. Moreover, this text addresses some high-molecular-weight compounds that contribute to vascular dysfunction. It further talks about the production, isolation, assay, genetics of production, mechanism of action, structure-activity relationship, metabolism, and applications of these toxins. This publication will provide a rational basis for future investigations and contribute to the eventual understanding of the role that toxins play in disease causation.

List of Contributors

Preface

1 Introduction: A Perspective of Toxin Studies in Plant Pathology

I. Prologue

II. Definitions

III. Classifications of Toxins Involved in Plant Diseases

IV. Ecological Perspectives

V. Historical Landmarks in Research on Plant-Affecting Toxins

VI. How to Recognize a Toxin

VII. Major Problems in Toxin Research

VIII. Prospects and Speculations

References

2 Production and Isolation

I. Production

II. Isolation and Purification

References

3 Assay

I. Introduction

II. Purpose of Investigation

III. Components of Bioassays

IV. Experimental Manipulations

V. Conclusions

References

4 Genetics of Production

I. Introduction

II. Fungi

III. Bacteria

IV. Immunity of Pathogens to Their Own Toxins

V. Emerging Tools of Molecular Genetics in Toxin-Producing Bacterial Plant Pathogens

VI. Discussion

Note Added in Proof

References

5 Structure and Biogenetic Relations: Fungal Nonhost-Specific

I. Introduction

II. Shikimic Acid-Derived Compounds

III. Compounds Derived from the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

IV. Fatty Acid Derivatives

V. Polyketides

VI. Terpenoids

VII. Amino Acid Derivatives

VIII. Unassigned Compounds

Note Added in Proof

References

6 Structure: Fungal Host-Specific

I. Introduction

II. Isolation, Purification, and Analysis

III. Structural Studies

IV. Summary

References

7 Structure: Bacterial

I. Introduction

II. Structures

III. Future Trends

Note Added in Proof

References

8 Chemical Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Synthetic Achievements

References

9 Mechanisms of Action

I. Scope and Outlook

II. Experimental Approaches

III. Postulated Mechanisms

IV. Future Research

Note Added in Proof

References

10 Structure-Activity Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Bacterial Toxins

III. Fungal Toxins

IV. Conclusions

References

11 Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis

III. Degradation

References

12 Ultrastructural Effects

I. Introduction

II. Cell Walls and Plasma Membranes

III. Mitochondria

IV. Chloroplasts

V. Vacuoles

VI. Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, and Nuclei

VII. Summary

References

13 Role in Pathogenesis

I. Introduction

II. The Infection Process

III. Symptomatology

IV. Disease Reactions

V. Toxins as Models in Pathogenesis

References

14 Applications

I. Introduction

II. Specific Applications

III. Future Outlook

References

Index