Tissue Engineering

Current Status and Challenges

1st Edition - January 25, 2022
Editors: Chandra P. Sharma, Thomas Chandy, Vinoy Thomas, Finosh G. Thankam
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 0 6 4 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 0 6 5 - 6

Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Challenges bridges the gap between biomedical scientists and clinical practitioners. The work reviews the history of tissue engineeri… Read more

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Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Challenges bridges the gap between biomedical scientists and clinical practitioners. The work reviews the history of tissue engineering, covers the basics required for the beginner, and inspires those in the field toward future research and application emerging in this fast-moving field. Written by global experts in the field for those studying and researching tissue engineering, the book reviews regenerative technologies, stem cell research and regeneration of organs. It then moves to soft tissue engineering (heart, vascular, muscle and 3D scaffolding and printing), hard tissue engineering (bone, dental myocardial and musculoskeletal) and translational avenues in the field.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: Genesis and historic evolution of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Abstract
Ancient concepts of tissue regeneration—“Image and imagination”
TE and RM in ancient era
Modern history of TE and RM
Scientific and social challenges
Reflections and perspective
References
Part 1: Regenerative technologies
Chapter 2: Overview of current technologies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Historical milestones in the field of TE and RM
Key components of TERM
Advances in TE and RM
3D bioprinting technology to pattern tissues
Next-generation technologies and future
Disclosure
References
Chapter 3: Myocardial tissue engineering: Fundamentals and future
Abstract
Introduction
Structure of cardiomyocyte
Cardiac extracellular matrix
Myocardial infarction
Tissue engineering
Hydrogels as ideal cardiac ECM templates
Fabrication of CTE scaffolds
Decellularized ECM
3D bioprinting
Bottlenecks and future in myocardial tissue engineering
References
Chapter 4: Oro-dental regeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Structure of periodontium
Structure of various components of periodontium
Periodontal ECM
Cells of the periodontium
Progenitor cells
Tissue alterations in periodontal disease
Pathogenesis of periodontitis
Mechanism of tissue destruction in periodontitis
Destruction of bone
Destruction of extracellular matrix
Microbiology of periodontitis
Biofilms
Biofilm formation
Structure of biofilm
Quorum sensing
Immunology
Inflammation
Mediators of periodontal inflammation
Complement
DAMP
Regenerative dentistry
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Tissue regeneration: Fetal to adult transition
Abstract
Adult wound healing
Fetal wound scarless repair
Fetal extrinsic environment
Fetal tissue intrinsic components
Biomedical application of fetal wound healing process
Perspective
References
Chapter 6: Chronic wounds and tissue engineering: Prospective and promise
Abstract
Introduction
Types of chronic wounds
Etiology of chronic wounds
Current treatment for chronic wounds and their limitations
Need for tissue engineering approach for chronic wound healing
Pathophysiology of chronic wounds
Types of wound healing and definition of chronic wounds
Pathological hallmarks of chronic wound healing
Immunology of chronic wounds
Molecular basis of chronic wound healing
Extracellular matrix of chronic wounds
Advances in wound healing technology via tissue engineering
Limitations of the currently available wound healing therapies
Summary
References
Part 2: Stem cell research and tissue engineering
Chapter 7: Emerging bioengineering strategies for regulating stem cell fate: Scaffold physical and biochemical cues
Abstract
Introduction
Bioengineering strategies for regulating stem cell fate
Emerging bioengineering approaches for controlling stem cell fate
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8: Stem cell research in tissue engineering and translational medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Adipose-derived stem cells and their utilization in tissue engineering
Coculturing ASCs with chondrocytes for cartilage engineering
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) as a bioscaffold
The antifibrotic potential of ASCs in Coculture with fibroblasts
ASCs improve fat grafting
ASC secretome
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
Part 3: Tissue engineering and nanomedicine
Chapter 9: Electrospun nanofiber matrix for tissue repair and regeneration
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Different methods for the preparation nanofiber matrix
Phase separation
Self-assembly
Electrospinning
Next dimensions of electrospun nanofibers in tissue repair and regeneration
Gas-induced 3D nanofiber fabrication
3D nanofiber fabrication through rapid depressurization
Injectable nanofiber materials for tissue repair
Other forms of 3D electrospun nanofibers
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Future of nanotechnology in tissue engineering
Abstract
Introduction
Different nanoparticles and their applications in TERM
Nanofabrication methods of scaffold materials in TERM
Nanocomposite bio-ink materials for 3D bioprinting
Future perspective on clinical translation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Green nanotechnology in cardiovascular tissue engineering
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Cardiovascular tissue engineering
The use of nanotechnology in cardiovascular TE
Green nanotechnology
Conclusion
References
Part 4: Soft tissue engineering
Chapter 12: Retinal repair in tissue engineering perspectives
Abstract
Introduction
Complexity of retinal architecture
Retinal degenerative diseases (RDs) requiring cell-based therapies
Cell-based therapies for retinal degenerative diseases
Cell suspension versus cell sheets for transplantation; need for bioengineering the implant before transplantation
Current tissue engineering strategies used for retinal repair
Limitations and future directions in tissue engineering of the retina
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Dental pulp tissue regeneration
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Background
Standard of care in dental pulp therapy
Prerequisites for pulp-dentin tissue engineering
Biomimetic strategies to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex
Tissue engineering approaches for pulp infection ablation
Current strategies for regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex
Cell homing mechanisms in dental pulp engineering
Pulp regeneration mediated by cell-laden scaffolds
3D (bio)printing
Future outlook
References
Chapter 14: Prospects of collagen scaffolds for muscle regeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Muscle
Collagen
Conclusion and perspectives
References
Chapter 15: Nerve tissue engineering on degradable scaffold
Abstract
Summary
Background
Biomaterials for nervous tissue engineering
Natural polymers for neural tissue engineering
Synthetic polymeric materials for neural tissue engineering
Surface engineering to promote nerve tissue
Delivery of growth factors to promote nerve tissue regeneration
Combination of biomaterial scaffolds and cell therapy
Stem cells for nerve tissue regeneration
3D bioprinting for nerve tissue regeneration
Perspective
References
Chapter 16: Bioengineering of brain organoids: Advancements and challenges
Abstract
Introduction
Tissue engineering approaches in stem cell culture
Applications of brain organoids
Challenges/limitations
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 17: 3D printing for functional tissue engineering
Abstract
Introduction
Scaffold design for tissue engineering
3D printing approaches for scaffold fabrication
3D bioprinting
Current challenges
Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter 18: Biosensors in tissue engineering
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Biosensors
Tissue engineering and its need for sensing
Applications of biosensors in tissue engineering
Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 19: Cardiovascular regeneration
Abstract
Introduction
Heart regeneration capacity
Need for regeneration approaches
Cardiac regeneration strategies
Limitations
Future perspectives
References
Part 5: Hard tissue engineering
Chapter 20: Emerging strategies in bone tissue engineering
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering—Brief introduction
Development of bone
Damage and degeneration of bone
Technologies for bone regeneration
Future perspectives
References
Chapter 21: Dental tissue engineering
Abstract
Introduction
Essential components of dental tissue engineering
Materials and methods in dental tissue engineering
Recent advances in dental tissue engineering
Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Abstract
Introduction
Importance of cell source
Biomaterial for musculoskeletal tissue engineering
Biochemical and biomechanical factors
Significance and challenges in translational of tissue engineered products
Conclusion
References
Part 6: Regulatory guidelines, modeling, and ethical issues in translational tissue engineering
Chapter 23: Translational tissue engineering
Abstract
Introduction
Biomaterials
Cells
Growth factors
Translational tissue engineering
Translational bioprinting
Perspective and future
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Tissue engineered products—Translational avenues
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Summary
Background
Strategy to prepare artificial tissue-based product
Current approaches for formulation of tissue-based products
Universal donor or allogeneic scale-up-based approach
Patient-specific immunologic compatible or autologous approach
Xenogeneic or cross-species scaffolds
Bioprinting
Translational work frame for tissue engineering product
Clinical translation of tissue engineered construct
Musculoskeletal applications
Bioprinted bone tissue/cartilage tissue
Tissue engineered skin substitute
3D bioprinting of skin tissue engineering
Tissue engineered artificial liver
3D bioprinting in the domain of artificial liver
Tissue engineered cardiovascular tissue and heart valves
Bioprinted heart valves and cardiac tissues
Other tissue-engineered constructs
Risks and ethical considerations in tissue engineering products
Future scopes of translational tissue engineering research
References
Chapter 25: 3D modeling of the lung in health and disease
Abstract
Introduction
Types of 3D models of the lungs
Applications of lung 3D models in lung diseases
Future directions
References
Chapter 26: Modeling viral infection with tissue engineering: COVID-19 and the next outbreaks
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology
Traditional respiratory virus culture
Tissue engineering-based models
Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter 27: Ethical issues
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Equitable distribution of emerging technologies
Allocation of resources
Political influence and interference on tissue engineering
Scientific misconduct and its impact
Real-life ethical challenges
Future research
Conflicts of interest
Intellectual property
Conclusion
References
Index

Chandra P. Sharma

Dr. Chandra P. Sharma is Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, and Hon. Emeritus Professor, College of Biomedical Engineering & Applied Sciences, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Dr. Sharma is a Solid-State Physicist from IIT Delhi and received his training in Biomaterials area in the University of Utah with Prof. D.J. Lyman as a graduate student and in the University of Liverpool, England with Prof. D.F. Williams as a Post-Doctoral Research Associate. Dr. Sharma has been awarded FBSE (Fellow Biomaterials Science & Engineering) by The International Union of Societies for Biomaterials Science & Engineering (IUS-BSE) in 2008 and FBAO (Fellow Biomaterials and Artificial Organs) by Society for Biomaterials & Artificial Organs (India) (SBAOI) in 2011 and shares Whitaker and National Science Foundation Award – International Society for Artificial Organs (ISAO) USA, invited member ACS (2015-2018).

Affiliations and expertise

Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, India

Thomas Chandy

Dr. Thomas Chandy is a biomaterial expert with unique combination of medical device and technical knowledge. He has strong academic credentials in human physiology and bio-compatible materials with test methods and model development. Dr. Chandy has published over 80 scientific papers in international Journals and 3 patents in the medical device and drug delivery area. Reviewer to 7+ international journals of repute in Drug delivery and Biomedical Research. Twenty-Five years of experience as a project lead in medical device and technology development. Strong experience with broad range of medical products including polymeric and tissue-based implantable, site specific drug delivery, medical diagnostics and combination devices. Product/process development skills with demonstrated success from concept through commercialization involving selection of materials, characterization, biological evaluation of materials, bench, feasibility tests and pre-clinical (animal) testing.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Test Engineer and Project Lead, Phillips Medisize, Hudson, Wisconsin, USA

Vinoy Thomas

Dr. Vinoy Thomas is an assistant professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. training spans from Chemistry/Polymers to Materials Science and Nanotechnology with specific training and expertise in Polymers and Biomaterials. He also holds secondary appointments at the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Environmental Science & Health. He is also a Senior Research Scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration. After his PhD in Biomaterials & Technology he completed postdoctoral training at Friedrich-Schiller University, Germany, and at the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST). His research focuses on biomaterials processing-property relationships, nanomaterials for tissue engineering, and nanodiamonds for joint-implants.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA

Finosh G. Thankam

Dr. Finosh Thankam is an assistant professor and researcher in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, in the Department of Translational Research, at the Western University of Health Sciences, in Pomona, CA. His undergraduate studies were in Biochemistry, before completing his post-graduate degree in Medical Biochemistry from Mahatma Gandhi University, in India. As a research fellow he was exposed to the new world of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and published many original articles on various aspects of cardiac tissue engineering. His current research interests include investigating the pathogenesis of various musculoskeletal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, and applying the knowledge and principles of tissue engineering to develop artificial tissue constructs to improve the care for the sufferers.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA