Theory of Particulate Processes
Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization
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Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Particulate Processes
1.1 Particulate Processes and Particle-Size Distribution
1.2 Properties Relating to PSD and CSD
1.3 Crystallizer/CSD Interaction
1.4 Particle Shape and Appearance
1.5 Particle Size
1.6 Particle-Size Distributions
1.7 Glossary of Particle Terms
1.8 Summary
Chapter 2 Particle Distributions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Representation of Distributions
2.3 Empirical Representation of Distributions
2.4 Plotting and Parameter Estimation
2.5 Average Properties from Density-Distribution Functions
2.6 Mean Size and Coefficient of Variation
2.7 Truncated Distributions, Skewness, and Kurtosis
2.8 Suspension Properties from the Population-Density Distribution
2.9 Summary
Chapter 3 The Population Balance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Particle Phase Space
3.3 Population Fluxes: Convection, Birth, and Death
3.4 Particle-Number Continuity Equation
3.5 Population Balance over a Macroscopic External Coordinate Region
3.6 Moment Transformation of Population Balance
3.7 The Population Balance in Other Coordinate Systems
3.8 Random Fluctuations in Growth Rate and/or Slurry Velocity
3.9 Summary
Chapter 4 Modeling Continuous and Batch Crystallizers
4.1 Continuous Systems: Definition and Constraints
4.2 Steady-State Population Balance
4.3 Significance of the Model
4.4 The Exponential Distribution
4.5 The Steady-State Mass Balance
4.6 Batch Systems Definition and Constraints
4.7 Modeling CSD When Growth Is Size-Dependent
4.8 Modeling CSD with Growth Dispersion
4.9 Summary
Chapter 5 Crystallization Kinetics
5.1 Supersaturation
5.2 Primary Nucleation
5.3 Crystal Growth Mechanisms
5.4 Secondary Nucleation
5.5 Effects of Impurities and Additives on Growth and Nucleation
5.6 Summary
Chapter 6 Crystal Size Responses for Continuous and Batch Crystallizers
6.1 Effect of Supersaturation on CSD
6.2 Effect of Suspended Solids on CSD
6.3 Effects of Secondary Nucleation
6.4 Crystallizer Cascades
6.5 Effects of Simple Fines Destruction
6.6 Effects of Mixing and Withdrawal Characteristics
6.7 Growth Dispersion and Size-Dependent Growth
6.8 Batch-Crystallization CSD
6.9 Summary
Chapter 7 Reaction Engineering of CSD
7.1 Reaction Engineering Models for the CSD
7.2 Accelerated Removal of Fine Crystals
7.3 Classified Product Removal
7.4 Fines Dissolving in Batch Crystallizers
7.5 Summary
Chapter 8 CSD Dynamics and Control
8.0 Introduction
8.1 Equations for CSD Dynamics
8.2 CSD Transients
8.3 Stability of CSD
8.4 Feedback Control of CSD
8.5 Summary
Chapter 9 Experimental Techniques and Analysis of Results
9.1 Characteristics of Laboratory MSMPR Crystallizers
9.2 Equipment for Continuous Experiments
9.3 Equipment for Batch Experiments
9.4 Sampling Techniques and Sample Treatment
9.5 Measurement of CSD
9.6 Treatment and Interpretation of Data
9.7 Experiments with Additives
9.8 Special Experimental Techniques
9.9 Summary
Chapter 10 Application to Other Systems
10.1 Comminution
10.2 Microbial Populations
10.3 Emulsion Polymerization
10.4 Dispersed-Phase Mixing
10.5 Residence-Time Distributions
10.6 Particle Agglomeration
10.7 Protein Precipitation
10.8 Inorganic Precipitation with Agglomeration
10.9 Modeling Agglomeration/Aggregation
10.10 Bubble-Size Distribution in Aeration Processes
10.11 Demographic Analysis
10.12 Summary
Appendix A Dimensionless Weight-Fraction Function
Appendix Β Crystal.Ball Program
Appendix C Sample Problems
Appendix D Selected Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 386
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1988
- Published: March 28, 1988
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323161817
About the Author
Alan Ranodolph
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