The Solvent Extraction of Metal Chelates

1st Edition - January 1, 1964
Author: Jiří Starý
Editor: H. Irving
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 9 4 6 - 2

The Solvent Extraction of Metal Chelates is a comprehensive account of the solvent extraction (liquid-liquid extraction) of metal chelate complexes. Topics covered include the… Read more

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The Solvent Extraction of Metal Chelates is a comprehensive account of the solvent extraction (liquid-liquid extraction) of metal chelate complexes. Topics covered include the composition and stability of metal chelates; analytical applications of the solvent extraction of metal chelates; and selective extraction procedures for metals. A theoretical treatment of the solvent extraction of metal chelates is also given. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with an overview of solvent extraction and how it can be used to solve important theoretical problems concerning the composition and stability of soluble and insoluble metal complexes. The next chapter examines the composition and stability of metal chelates based on the assumption that only uncharged complexes are dissolved and extracted by the organic solvents. A theory of the solvent extraction of metal chelates is then described, paying particular attention to a variety of factors that influence the extraction of metal chelates, including acidity, solubility and instability of the metal chelate, and organic solvent. Some analytical applications of the solvent extraction of metal chelates are also considered. The last two chapters deal with systems and selective extraction procedures for metals. This monograph will be of particular value to inorganic and analytical chemists.

Foreword1. Introduction 1.1. Distribution Law 1.2. Solubility—Extractability2. Composition and Stability of Metal Chelates 2.1. General Equations 2.2. Polymerization of Metal Chelates 2.3. Additive Complexes with Organic Solvents 2.4. Complexes of the Type MAn(OH)p(HA)r 2.5. Complexes of the Type MAn(OH)p 2.6. Complexes of the Type MAn 2.6.1. The Limiting Value Method 2.6.2. The Two-Parameter Method 2.6.3. Average Number Method 2.6.4. Least Squares Method 2.6.5. Method of Continuous Variations 2.7. Complexes of the Type MBu(OH)v3 . Theory of the Solvent Extraction of Metal Chelates 3.1. Influence of Acidity on the Extraction of Metal Chelates 3.2. Influence of the Concentration of the Organic Reagent 3.3. Influence of Masking Agents 3.4. Influence of the Dissociation Constant KHA and the Partition Coefficient pHA of the Organic Reagent 3.5. Influence of the Solubility of the Metal Chelate 3.6. Influence of the Organic Solvent 3.7. Influence of the Stability of Metal Chelates 3.8. Influence of Kinetic Factors4. Analytical Applications of the Solvent Extraction of Metal Chelates 4.1. Separation of Metals by Means of Solvent Extraction 4.2. Substoicheiometric Determinations 4.2.1. Theory of Substoicheiometric Determinations 4.2.2. Substoicheiometric Determination in Activation Analysis 4.2.3. Substoicheiometric Determination in Isotope Dilution Analysis 4.2.4. Extractive Titration5. Systems 5.1. β-Diketones 5.1.1. Acetylacetone (Diacetylmethane; 1,4-Pentadione) 5.1.2. Benzoylacetone (Acetylbenzoylmethane) 5.1.3. Dibenzoylmethane (1,3-Diphenyl-1,3-Propanedione) 5.1.4. Dipivaloylmethane 5.1.5. Thenoyltrifluoracetone 5.1.6. Furoyltrifluoracetone 5.1.7. Other β-diketones 5.2. Tropolone and its Derivatives 5.2.1. Tropolone 5.2.2. β-Isopropyltropolone 5.3. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and its Derivatives 5.3.1. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-quinolinol, 'oxine') 5.3.2. 8-Hydroxyquinaldine (2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline) 5.3.3. 5-Methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline 5.3.4. 5,7-Dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline 5.3.5. 5,7-Dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (bromoxine) 5.3.6. 5,7-Diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline 5.3.7. Tributylammonium Salt of 7-iodo-8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-Sulphonic Acid (Tri-Butylammonium Salt of Ferron) 5.3.8. 7-[α-(o-Carbomethoxyanilino)-Benzyl]-8-Hydroxyquinoline 5.3.9. Other Derivatives of 8-Hydroxyquinoline 5.4. Oximes 5.4.1. Dimethylglyoxime 5.4.2. α-Benzildioxime 5.4.3. α-Furildioxime 5.4.4. 1,2-Cyclohexanedionedioxime (Nioxime) 5.4.5. 4-Methyl-1,2-Cyclohexanedionedioxime 5.4.6. 4-Isopropyl-1,2-Cyclohexanedionedioxime 5.4.7. 1,2-Cycloheptanedionedioxime (Heptoxime) 5.4.8. N,N'-Ethylendi-(4-Methoxy-1,2-Benzoquinone-1-Oxime-2-Imine) 5.4.9. Quinoline-5,8-Quinone-Dioxime 5.4.10. α-Benzoinoxime (Cupron) 5.4.11. Salicylaldoxime 5.4.12. Salicylamidoxime 5.4.13. Phenyl-α-Pyridyl Ketoxime 5.4.14. Quinoline-2-Aldoxime 5.4.15. Monoxime of Di-α-Naphthylglyoxal 5.5. Nitrosophenols 5.5.1. o-Nitrosophenol 5.5.2. o-Nitrosocresol 5.5.3. 3-Methoxy-5-Nitrosophenol (ö-Nitrosoresorcinol Monomethyl Ether) 5.5.4. Isonitrosoacetophenone 5.5.5. 3-Nitrososalicylic Acid 5.5.6. 1-Nitroso-2-Naphthol 5.5.7. 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol 5.5.8. 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol-4-Sulphonic Acid 5.6. Nitrosoarylhydroxylamines 5.6.1. Ammonium Salt of N-Nitrosophenylhydroxylamine (Cupferron) 5.6.2. Ammonium Salt of N-Nitrosonaphthylhydroxylamine (Neocupferron) 5.7. Hydroxamic Acids 5.7.1. Benzhydroxamic Acid 5.7.2. Salicylhydroxamic Acid 5.7.3. Anthranilohydroxamic Acid (2-Aminobenzhydroxamic Acid) 5.7.4. Quinaldinohydroxamic Acid 5.7.5. N-Benzoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine 5.7.6. N-2-Thenoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine 5.7.7. N-Cinnamoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine 5.8. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol and Related Compounds 5.8.1. 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol 5.8.2. 1-(2-Thiazolyl)-2-Naphthol 5.8.3. Erio OS (I) 5.8.4. 2-(2-Pyridylazo)-4-Methylphenol 5.8.5. 2-Pyridylazoresorcinol 5.8.6. 1-(2',4'-Dihydroxyphenylazo)-5-Chloro-2-Hydroxybenzene-3-Sulphonic Acid 5.8.7. 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-Methoxyphenylazo)-4-Methylthiazole 5.9. 8-Mercaptoquinoline and its Derivatives 5.9.1. 8-Mercaptoquinoline (Thiooxine) 5.9.2. Derivatives of 8-Mercaptoquinoline 5.10. Diphenylthiocarbazone (Dithizone) and its Derivatives 5.10.1. Diphenylthiocarbazone (Dithizone) 5.10.2. Di-(o-tolyl)thiocarbazone (o,o-Ddimethyldithizone) 5.10.3. Di-(p-tolyl)thiocarbazone (p,p-Dimethyldithizone) 5.10.4. Di-(o-diphenyl)thiocarbazone 5.10.5. Di-(p-diphenyl)thiocarbazone 5.10.6. Di-(p-chlorophenyl)thiocarbazone (p,p-Dichlorodithizone) 5.10.7. Di-(o-bromophenyl)thiocarbazone (o,o-Dibromodithizone) 5.10.8. Di-(p-bromophenyl)thiocarbazone (p,p-Dibromodithizone) 5.10.9. Di-(p-iodophenyl)thiocarbazone (p,p-Diiododithizone) 5.10.10. Di-(β-naphthyl)thiocarbazone 5.10.11. Di-(α-naphthyl)thiocarbazone 5.11. Dithiocarbamates 5.11.1. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate (Cupral) 5.11.2. Diethylammonium Diethyldithiocarbamate 5.11.3. Dibenzyldithiocarbamic Acid 5.11.4. Ammonium Pyrrohdindithiocarbamate 5.11.5. Other Dithiocarbamates 5.12. Xanthates 5.12.1. Potassium Ethyl Xanthate 5.12.2. Potassium Benzyl Xanthate 5.13. Dialkyl-and Diaryl-Dithiophosphoric Acids 5.13.1. Diethyldithiophosphoric Acid 5.14. Dithiols 5.14.1. Toluene-3,4-Dithiol 5.14.2. Diacetyltoluene-3,4-Dithiol (Diacetyldithiol) 5.15. Miscellaneous Reagents 5.15.1. Salicylic Acid (o-Hydroxybenzoic Acid) 5.15.2. Salicyhdineamines 5.15.3. Ethyl Acetoacetate 5.15.4. Flavonol 5.15.5. Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-Pentahydroxyflavone) 5.15.6. 2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone 5.15.7. 1,2,5,8-Tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (Quinalizarin) 5.15.8. 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-Diphenylbenzopyrillium Chloride 5.15.9. Diphenylcarbazide and Diphenylcarbazone 5.15.10. Diphenylthiosemicarbazide 5.15.11. Phenylthiourea 5.15.12. 2-Mercaptobenzthiazole 5.15.13. 2-Mercapto-4,5-Dimethylthiazole6. Selective Extraction Procedures for Individual Metals 6.1. Actinium 6.2. Aluminium 6.3. Americium 6.4. Antimony 6.5. Arsenic 6.6. Berkelium 6.7. Beryllium 6.8. Bismuth 6.9. Cadmium 6.10. Calcium 6.11. Cerium 6.12. Chromium 6.13. Cobalt 6.14. Copper 6.15. Gallium 6.16. Gold 6.17. Hafnium 6.18. Indium 6.19. Iron 6.20. Lead 6.21. Magnesium 6.22. Manganese 6.23. Mercury 6.24. Molybdenum 6.25. Neptunium 6.26. Nickel 6.27. Niobium 6.28. Palladium 6.29. Platinum 6.30. Plutonium 6.31. Polonium 6.32. Protactinium 6.33. Rhenium 6.34. Ruthenium 6.35. Scandium 6.36. Selenium 6.37. Silver 6.38. Strontium 6.39. Tellurium 6.40. Thallium 6.41. Thorium 6.42. Tin 6.43. Titanium 6.44. Tungsten 6.45. Uranium 6.46. Vanadium 6.47. Zinc 6.48. ZirconiumAppendixReferencesPrincipal Abbreviations Used in the ReferencesIndex