The Science, Technology and Application of Titanium

Foreword

Preface

Section I. Introductory Papers

Opening Address

Titanium in U.S.A.

Titanium in Europe

Section II. Processing of Titanium

Part A. Primary Fabrication

Application of Solidification Theory to Titanium Alloys

Research on the Quality of Commercially Pure Titanium and Ti-6A1-4V Ingots

Chemical and Structural Microinhomogeneity, Diffusion and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys in Connection with Phase Transformation Characteristics

Choice of Vacuum-Arc Melting Parameters to Ensure Ingot Chemical Homogeneity

Properties of Wrought Shapes Formed from Electroslag-Melted Titanium

Titanium in the U.S.S.R.

Part B. Secondary Fabrication

Forgings in Titanium Alloys

The Beta Forging of Titanium Alloys

The Effect of Beta Processing on Properties of Titanium Alloys

Heavy Press Forging of Large Titanium Alloy Parts for Aircraft and Aerospace Applications

The Mono Graf Casting Process

Precision Casting of Titanium

Discussion Part A

Discussion Part B

Section III. Chemical and Environmental Behavior

Part A. General Corrosion and Oxidation

Hydriding of Titanium Used in Chemical Plant and Protective Measures

Anodizing of Titanium Equipment

Reaction Rate of Titanium and Titanium Alloys with Titanium Lower Chlorides

The Oxidation of Titanium Films

Air Contamination and Embrittlement of Titanium Alloys

Corrosion Resistance of Titanium and Titanium-5% Tantalum Alloy in Hot Concentrated Nitric Acid

Utilization of Anodic Breakdown of Titanium Alloys as a Method of Characterization

Corrosion Test for Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium

Titanium Electrode for the Manufacture of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide

Part B. Stress Corrosion

Electrochemical Mechanism in the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Titanium Alloys

The Stress Corrosion Cracking of α-Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Some Characteristics of Aqueous Stress Corrosion in Titanium Alloys (Summary)

Ambient Temperature Stress Corrosion Cracking in Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V

Stress Corrosion Cracking in Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Titanium and Ti-Al Alloys in Methanol-Iodine Solutions

Effects of Halogen Containing Hydrocarbons Upon Stressed Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Cracking of Titanium Alloys under Stress during Oxidation in Air

Hot-Salt Stress Corrosion Cracking of Titanium Alloys

Discussion Part A

Discussion Part B

Section IV. Physics, Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Physical Properties of Titanium Alloys

The Crystallographic Structure of Ti3Al

Thermodynamic Properties of the Body-Centered Cubic Beta-Phase in the Titanium-Copper and the Titanium-Aluminum Systems

Calculation of Regular Solution Phase Diagrams for Titanium Base Binary Systems

The Single Crystal Elastic Moduli of Beta-Titanium and Titanium-Chromium Alloys

Computer Experiments on Point Defect Configurations and Energies in Ti-M Systems

Behavior of Hydrogen in Titanium and its Alloys by Internal Friction Measurement

Stress-Induced Diffusion of Carbon and Oxygen in Titanium

Interaction of Titanium with Elements of the Periodic System

Discussion

Section V. Deformation and Fracture

Elastic Properties of Dislocations in Titanium

Elastic Interactions Between Dislocations and Twin and Grain Boundaries in Titanium

Strain Distribution in Oxidized Alpha Titanium Crystals

The Crystallography of Deformation Twinning in Titanium

Slip Modes and Dislocation Substructures in Titanium and Titanium-Aluminum Single Crystals

Interstitial Strengthening of Titanium Alloys

Effects of Interstitial Content and Grain Size on the Mechanical Behavior of Alpha Titanium below 0.4Tm

A Thermal Plastic Deformation in Commercial Purity Titanium

Effect of Cyclic Stresses on Unalloyed Polycrystalline Titanium

Fatigue Behavior of α-Titanium and α-Titanium-Hydrogen Alloys

Deformation-Assisted Nucleation of Titanium Hydride in an Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloy

The Temperature Dependence of Fracture Behavior in α-Titanium-Hydrogen Alloys

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Titanium and its Alloys

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Titanium as a Part of the Problem of the Brittle-Ductile Transition Temperature of Metals

Phase Transformations During Welding and the Mechanism of Delayed Cracking of Titanium Alloys

Transformation Plasticity of Titanium

The Hot Plasticity of Ti-6Al-4V

Superplasticity in Titanium

Discussions

Section VI. Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment

Part A. Phase Transformations

Some Aspects of Phase Transformations in Titanium Alloys

Mechanism of the Martensitic Transformation in Titanium and its Alloys

Martensitic Transformations in Titanium Alloys

The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Beta Transformation in Titanium-Niobium and Titanium-Aluminum Alloys

Thermodynamics of the Ms Points in Titanium Alloys

Continuous Cooling-Transformation of Beta-Phase in Binary Titanium Alloys

Phase Transformation of Titanium Alloys by Means of Automatic Transformation Apparatus

The Morphology of the Omega Phase

The Stability of the Omega Phase in Titanium and Zirconium Alloys

Note on the Structure of the Omega Phase

An Electron Microscopy Study of Phase Transformations in Titanium-Copper Alloys

Phase Relationships in Titanium-Oxygen Alloys

Part B. Effect on Mechanical Properties

The Martensitic Transformation in Titanium Binary Alloys and its Effect on Mechanical Properties

Using of the Jominy Test to Compare the Quench Hardenabilities of Titanium Alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn

A Study of the Age Hardening Reaction in Titanium-2½% Copper

Thermo-Mechanical Strengthening of High Strength Titanium Alloys

The Theoretical Bases of the Development of the High-Strength Metastable Beta-Alloys of Titanium

Strengthening Mechanisms During the Heat Treatment of Three Titanium Alloys—Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn and Ti-8Al-1V-1Mo

Strengthening of Titanium Alloys by Shock Deformation

Long Time Stability of Ti-679 after Creep Exposure for Times to 15,000 Hours

Effect of Elevated Temperature Exposure on the Room Temperature Properties of Titanium Alloys 8Al-1Mo-1V, 6Al-4V and 4Al-3Mo-1V

The Development of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Welds

Discussion Part A

Discussion Part B

Section VII. Alloying of Titanium

Part A. Alloy Theory and Properties

Titanium Alloying in Theory and Practice

The Effect of the Group III Elements Al, Ga, and In on the Creep and Stress Rupture of Titanium at 500°C

Structure and Creep Properties of Ti7NbAl3-Base Alloys

The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of Forged Alpha/Beta Titanium Alloys

Properties and Application of Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe Alloy (KS150B)

Influence of Carbon and Oxygen on Some Exploratory Ultra-High Strength Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys

The Effect of Fabrication Variables on the Properties of Age-Hardened Titanium-2½% Copper

The Weldability, Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Some Titanium Alloys

The Fatigue Properties of a High Strength Titanium Alloy (IMI.680)

Elasticity of Titanium Sheet Alloys

Part B. Alloy Development

The Role of Depth Hardenability in the Selection of High Strength Alloys for Aircraft Applications

Metallurgical Characteristics and Structural Properties of Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al Sheet, Plate and Forgings

High Strength Titanium Alloys for Aircraft Gas Turbine Application

A Study of the Metallurgical Characteristics of Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Alloy

The Development of a Superior Titanium-Base Alloy for Cryogenic Applications

Exploitation of a Simple Alpha Titanium Alloy Base in the Development of Alloys of Diverse Mechanical Properties

Creep-Resistant Titanium Alloys

Discussion Parts A and B

Section VIII. Applications

Part A. Techniques and Processes

Fatigue Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Forgings for Rotary Wing Vehicles

High Voltage Electron Beam Welding of Titanium Alloys in Partial Vacuum

Porosity in Argon Arc Welds in Titanium

Submerged Arc Welding of Titanium

Titanium Hot Forming

Forming Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Metal in Four Heat Treated Conditions

On the Explosive Bonding and Forming of Titanium

The Production and Properties of Some Wear Resistant Coatings on Titanium-4% Molybdenum-4% Aluminum-2% Tin Alloy (Hylite 50)

Part B. Applications Experience

Titanium in Jet Engines

The Application of Titanium Alloys in the Olympus 593 Engine for the Concorde SST

Titanium Metal Fabrications in Aero Engines

Titanium Applications for Supersonic Airplanes

Future Possibilities for Titanium in Primary Aircraft Structures

Marine Applications of Titanium

Titanium Applications—U.S. Army

Titanium in the Process Industries Today

Titanium Alloy Pressure Vessels in the Manned Space Program

Discussion Part A

Discussion Part B

Name Index

Subject Index