
The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry
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The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry deals with several aspects of the proton drawn from organic chemistry. This book begins with an introductory chapter, followed by discussions on the strengths of neutral organic acids and neutral organic bases. The mode of transfer of hydrogen in its three forms—H+, H•, and H-, alternative sites of protonation or deprotonation of organic compounds, and acid-base chemistry of unstable and metastable species are also elaborated. This text concludes with a presentation of the activation induced in organic molecules by proton addition or removal and its catalytic effects. This publication is intended for practicing organic chemists and researchers conducting work on protons.
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
I. Water and the Reference State
II. Acid-Base Equilibria: Terms and Symbols
III. Limitations on Water as a Medium for Acid-Base Measurements
References
2 Strengths of Neutral Organic Acids
I. Introduction
II. Oxygen Acids
III. Sulfur Acids
IV. Carbon and Nitrogen Acids
References
3 Strengths of Neutral Organic Bases
I. Introduction
II. Amidines and Guanidines
III. Amines
IV. Amides
V. Oxygen Bases
VI. Carbon Bases
VII. Sulfur Compounds
VIII. Effect of Oxidation State on Basicity
References
4 Proton Transfer, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Hydride Transfer
I. Introduction
II. The Geometry of Hydrogen Transfer
III. Hydrogen Isotope Effects as a Criterion of Mechanism in Proton and Hydride Transfer
IV. Competition Among Proton, Hydrogen Atom, and Hydride Transfer Processes
References
5 Alternative Sites of Protonation and Deprotonation
I. Introduction
II. Alternative Sites of Protonation
III. Alternative Sites of Deprotonation
IV. Amphiprotic Systems That Form Zwitterions
References
6 Acidity and Basicity of Unstable and Metastable Organic Species
I. Introduction
II. Organic Free Radicals
III. Electronically Excited States
IV. Tetrahedral Intermediates
References
7 Activation of Organic Molecules by Acids and Bases
I. Introduction
II. Specific Acid and Specific Base Catalysis
III. General Acid and General Base Catalysis
IV. Reactions Conducted under Strongly Acidic or Strongly Basic Conditions
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 324
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1985
- Published: January 28, 1985
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323155878
About the Author
Ross Stewart
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