The Police

The Police: Autonomy and Consent is composed of two parts dealing mainly on the theme of police autonomy (Chapters 2-6) and the reciprocal theme of consent (Chapters 7-9). In particular, Chapter 2 is devoted to an historical account of the development of early police autonomy. Chapters 3 and 4 consider the political relation of the successor force within the local state in the mid-1970s, and the historical changes in the relationship between the police institution and the central state, respectively. Subsequent two chapters locate the core problem in considering police independence within the legal domain, and the role and political orientations of the three intrapolice organizations in reinforcing the development of autonomy. Chapter 7 demonstrates that different forms of relationship have historically characterized the relations between police institutions and the different social classes. The last two chapters present evidence on consent, and draws the themes of autonomy and consent together by focusing on the role of the chief police officer, positioned at the nexus between structural demands and organizational restraints, in continually negotiating definitions and practices of police work.

Preface

Acknowledgements

Epigraph

1. The Police and the State

Models of the State

The Perspective of the State Agents

The Chiefs and the Local State — Towards an Alternative Theorization of Urban Managers

Notes

Part One. Autonomy

2. The Chiefs and the Local State: I. The Development of Managerial Autonomy

Introduction—The Political Relation

The Historical Relation between Police and Local State

The Political Economy of the City at the Time of Police Reform

The Origins of the Liverpool Police

The Old Police

Fractional Conflicts over the New Police

The Political Relation 1836-1910

The Development of Autonomy—The Order to "Proceed against Brothels"

The Construction of the Managerial Role

Notes

3. The Chiefs and the Local State Since the 1964 Police Act

Introduction

The Orthodox Analyses: Exegesis and Critique

The Demise of the Local Political Relation

The Political Relation in the 1970s

The Relation of the Committee within the Local State

The Financial Constraints

The Structuring of Information

The Practice of Local Police Management

Notes

4. The Central State and the Negotiation of Resources

The Relationship Prior to World War I

The Relation Between the Wars

Post-War—Negotiation via Formulae

The Police Inspectorate

The Home Office Circular

Parliament and Residual Forms of Accountability

Notes

5. The Legal Relation

The Police Institution and the Doctrine of "Original Powers"

The Power of Prosecution

Prosecution Power—The Example o f Cautioning

Standardization and Public Order Offences

Notes

6. The Police Institution

The Chiefs as Negotiators of Law Enforcement Resources

The Institutional Form of Police Independence

Negotiation, Independence and the Police Institution

Notes

Part Two. Consent

7. Consent: Class Relations in Police History

Introduction

Orthodox Histories of the Police: A Discourse of Consent

The Class Relations of the Police Institution in Social History

Notes

8. Consent, Dissent and Reconstruction

Consent and Dissent—The Ambivalence in Attitudes to the Police

Community Policing and the Re-Construction of Consent

Notes

9. Police Work, Negotiation, Autonomy and Consent

The Constraints on the Police Manager

The Conjunction between Police Organization and the Major Social Classes

Autonomy and Consent—The "Concrete" Limits

Postscript: The Toxteth Riots, 1981

The Historical Context

The Conjunction Between Police and Society

The Legal Relation

The Riots and Autonomy and Consent in the City

Bibliography

Index