The Neurobiology of the Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics: Part A

1st Edition, Volume 3 - July 6, 2022
Editors: Marc E. Lavoie, Andrea E. Cavanna
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 3 4 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 3 5 - 4

The Neurobiology of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics, Volume Three reviews historical background and current nosology and guidelines. In addition, it includes… Read more

The Neurobiology of the Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics: Part A

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The Neurobiology of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics, Volume Three reviews historical background and current nosology and guidelines. In addition, it includes an overview of pathophysiology, ranging from its genetic basis and changes in neurochemistry and electrophysiology to widespread neural circuits. Specific chapters cover Tourette syndrome from phenomenology and natural history to neurobiology, Update and Recent progress in the Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome, Current guidelines and nosology of Tourette syndrome, Neuroimaging applications in Tourette's Syndrome, Clinical and neurodevelopmental brain imaging of Tourette syndrome, Altered Structural Connectivity in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, and much more.

The last 20 years have seen an exponential growing body of research dedicated to Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome in the understanding of the syndrome’s complex genetics and underlying neurobiology. This unprecedented surge in basic and clinical research has resulted in over 3,000 scientific publications.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Section I: Introduction and clinical definition
Chapter One: Historical background of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: What is a tic?
2: Chorea
3: How Gilles de la Tourette ended up studying tics
4: Beard, O'Brien, and Hammond: Valid introductory material?
5: Differential diagnosis
6: Historical and current interpretations of Jumping, Latah, and Myriachit
7: The predecessors
8: The first described clinical case of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
9: Madame D. or Madame La Comtesse Picot de Dampierre
10: Trousseau's depiction: 12 years before Gilles de la Tourette
11: Gilles de la Tourette's observations
12: “Motor incoordination”
13: Evaluating the initial description
14: Championed by Charcot
15: Georges Guinon, the forgotten co-author
16: “Idea tics”
17: Later publications in France
18: Clinical cases presented during Charcot's lessons
19: Breitman introduces degeneration theory
20: “Enhanced Habit Formation”
21: Catrou, Gilles de la Tourette's student
22: Publications outside France
23: North American contribution
24: Elsewhere in France
25: Gilles de la Tourette's final contribution
26: Theory of Meige and Feindel
27: In medical treatises
28: Psychoanalytic inquiry
29: Early modern concepts
30: Arthur and Elaine Shapiro
Statement of ethics
Conflict of interest statement
Funding sources
References
Chapter Two: The neurobiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tics
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: What are tics?
3: Premonitory urges
4: Heightened sensitivity to sensory perceptions
5: Timing, course, and context of tics
6: Conclusions and questions for future research
References
Chapter Three: Tourette syndrome: Current nosology and guidelines
Abstract
1: Tourette syndrome and the nosology of tic disorders
2: Current clinical guidelines on Tourette syndrome
3: Expert consensus on the treatment of Tourette syndrome
4: Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Funding
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter Four: Update and recent progress in the neurobiology of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Dopaminergic system
3: Glutamatergic system
4: Serotoninergic system
5: GABA-ergic system
6: Endocannabinoid system
7: Acetylcholine
8: Functional studies
9: Conclusions: An interplay of diverse pathways and neurotransmitters
References
Section II: Neuroimaging and pathophysiology
Chapter Five: Recent advances in neuroimaging of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Brain structural changes associated with the diagnosis of TS and persistent tic disorders
3: Brain functional and neurochemical changes associated with the diagnosis of TS and other chronic tic disorders
4: Neural correlates of premonitory urges
5: Neural correlates of tics
6: Imaging correlates of comorbid behavioral symptoms in TS
7: Neural correlates of cognitive control in TS: Insights from social cognition, habit formation and cognitive control of motor behavior
8: Final commentary and areas for future research
References
Chapter Six: Mechanistic insight into the pathophysiological basis of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Tic generation
3: Feeling states: Premonitory urge sensations and the compulsive cueing of tics
4: Tic triggering
5: Complex tics
6: Motor control: Suppressing tics
7: Further insights on pathophysiology from therapeutic approaches
8: Conclusions
References
Chapter Seven: Course of TS from a clinical and neuroimaging perspective
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Clinical development and course of tics and comorbidities
3: Neuroimaging studies
4: Course of TS in a clinical and imaging perspective
References
Chapter Eight: Altered structural connectivity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Structural brain abnormalities in children and adults with Tourette disorder and tics
2: Structural changes related to the severity of tics and premonitory urges in Tourette syndrome
3: Structural changes associated with comorbidities in Tourette syndrome
4: Structural changes and cognitive functions in Tourette syndrome
5: Structural network in Tourette syndrome: Mapping white matter tracts as predictors for deep brain stimulation response
References
Chapter Nine: The neural correlates of tic inhibition
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Structural magnetic resonance imaging
3: Functional imaging
4: The PFC in TS
Conflict of Interest
References
Section III: The structure and function of neural circuits: Data from neuroimaging and electrophysiology
Chapter Ten: Somatomotor cortical mapping in Tourette syndrome using neuro-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Alterations in somatosensory function in Tourette syndrome
3: GABA signaling may determine the neurophysiological response to somatic stimulation
4: Evidence for alterations in GABA signaling in Tourette syndrome
References
Chapter Eleven: Control of actions and tics: A psychophysiological perspective
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Control of actions: Inhibitory control in Tourette syndrome
3: Control of tics: Brain correlates of tic suppression
4: Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter Twelve: Integrating psychophysiology into cognitive-behavioral treatment for the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Brief historical context
2: Broad etiological concept and recent data on the neuropsychology and physiology of motor performance in Tic disorders
3: Integrating the knowledge of neurobiology and physiology for cognitive-behavioral treatments and comprehensive biofeedback
4: Conclusion
References
Chapter Thirteen: The functional neuroimaging of Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Abstract
1: Tics
2: Sensory phenomena and urge suppression
3: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
4: Resting state functional connectivity studies
5: Neurobiological models
References
Chapter Fourteen: Co-occurring ADHD symptoms and electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control in Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control in ADHD
3: Co-occurring ADHD symptoms and electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control in TS
4: Conclusions and future directions
References

Marc E. Lavoie

Marc E. Lavoie, PhD is currently research professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the University of Montréal, and since 2001 he is directing the Cognitive and Social Psychophysiology Laboratory, at the research center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (Canada). His research training was completed in the field of psychophysics (Université de Moncton, Canada), experimental neuropsychology (Université de Montréal, Canada), developmental psychology (Universiteit van Amsterdam, the Nederland) and in psychobiology (Université de Lille, France). He directs a clinical research program currently funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research that addresses crucial issues about the relationship between brain functions, behavior, and cognition in various neurodevelopmental and habit disorders, primarily in Tourette’s syndrome and behavior-focused repetitive behavior.

Affiliations and expertise

Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de Montreal, Departement de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Andrea E. Cavanna

Andrea E. Cavanna, MD, PhD, FRCP, FANPA, SFHEA, works as a clinician (Consultant in Behavioural Neurology at the Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK) and as an academic (Honorary Professor in Neuropsychiatry at Aston University, Birmingham, UK). His medical training was completed in Italy (University of Turin and A. Avogadro University, Novara) and in the United Kingdom (University College London). Since 2008 he has been Lead Consultant for the specialist Tourette syndrome clinic. His research activity focuses on the behavioural aspects of neurological conditions. He coordinates training activities directed at the future generation of clinical scientists by running the Tourette syndrome module of the MSc in Clinical Neuropsychiatry at the University of Birmingham.

Affiliations and expertise

Honorary Professor in Neuropsychiatry at Aston University, Birmingham, UK