The Joints and Synovial Fluid

Volume II

1st Edition - January 1, 1980
Editor: Leon Sokoloff
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 5 9 6 2 - 8

The Joints and Synovial Fluid II is a collection of papers that deals with the basic aspects of the articular apparatus, including the general pathology of the appendicular and… Read more

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The Joints and Synovial Fluid II is a collection of papers that deals with the basic aspects of the articular apparatus, including the general pathology of the appendicular and axial structures, the disease processes, and comparative anthology. Some papers discuss in vitro culture of joints and articular tissues, the chemistry of the ground substance of joint cartilage, and the structure of the intervertebral disc in relation to its function and to the aging process. As a humans being ages, the whole nucleus found in the disc will behave more like a sponge than a shock absorber as regards its ability to distribute stress and pressure from the end plates of the disc. Another paper describes load distribution of the knee, ankle joint, the spine, the arms, elbows, fingers. One paper deals with the pathology of the spine covering infectious diseases, metabolic and developmental disease of cartilage and bones, traumatic and degenerative diseases, autoimmune connective tissue diseases (such as ankylosing spondylitis), and miscellaneous diseases (such as tumors). The collection is suitable for researchers, scientists, medical practitioners, and academicians in the fields of biochemistry, bioengineering, anatomical sciences, immunology, organ physiology, cell biology, orthopedics, rheumatology, or rehabilitation medicine.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume I

1 In Vitro Culture of Joints and Articular Tissues

I. Organ Culture

II. Cell Culture

III. Concluding Remarks

References

2 The Chemistry of the Ground Substance of Joint Cartilage

I. Introduction

II. General Composition of Cartilage

III. The Proteoglycans

IV. Metabolic Control Mechanisms

V. Degradative Processes

VI. Glycosaminoglycans of Meniscus and Periarticular Tissues

VII. Unsolved Problems

References

3 Studies of the Structure of the Human Intervertebral Disc in Relation to Its Functional and Aging Processes

I. Introduction

II. Protein Structure and Stability

III. Collagen

IV. The Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes in Collagen

V. The Proteoglycans

VI. The Human Intervertebral Disc—General Configuration

VII. The Collagen of the Human Intervertebral Disc

VIII. The Anulus Fibrosus

IX. The Idealized Disc Mechanism

X. The Structure of the Nucleus Pulposus

XI. The Proteins in the Nucleus

XII. Electron Microscope Studies of the Disc

XIII. Hydrothermal Stability of Collagen on Aging in the Human Intervertebral Disc

XIV. General Discussion on Disc Properties and Their Changes with Age

References

Supplementary References

4 Joint Kinetics

I. Joint Movements

II. Mechanisms of the Leg and Hip Joint Loading

III. Knee and Ankle Joint Loading

IV. Loading of Joints of the Upper Extremity

V. The Spine

VI. Joint Pressures

VII. Experimental Methods

References

5 Th4e Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage

I. Introduction

II. Engineering Terminology

III. The Mechanical Functions of Cartilage

References

6 Physical Chemistry of Articular Cartilage and the Intervertebral Disc

I. Matrix Characteristics

II. Solute Transport

III. Turnover Studies

IV. Fluid Transport

References

7 The Physiology of the Normal Synovium

I. Intraarticular Pressure

II. Synovial Fluid Po2, PCO2, pH, Lactic Acid, and Glucose Content

III. Synovial Blood Flow

IV. Transynovial Exchange of Small Molecules

V. Conclusions

References

8 General Pathology of the Peripheral Joints

I. Introduction

II. Heritable Disease

III. Acquired Disease

References

9 The Pathology of the Spine

I. Introduction

II. Vascular Supply

III. Growth and Development of the Spine

IV. Infectious Spondylitis

V. Metabolic and Developmental Disease

VI. Structural Diseases of the Spine

VII. Aging and Degenerative Disease in the Spine

VIII. Bursae of the Spine and Their Relationship to Movement and Inflammatory Disease

IX. Psoriasis and Spondylitis

X. Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease with Spondylitis

XI. Spinal Involvement in Juvenile Chronic Polyarthritis

ΧII. Spinal Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

ΧIII. The Spinal Changes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

XIV. Tumors of the Spine

XV. Conclusions

References

Index