The Chronic Crisis in Psychological Measurement and Assessment
A Historical Survey
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The Chronic Crisis in Psychological Measurement and Assessment: A Historical Survey provides a historical survey of relevant concepts in psychological measurement and assessment. It does not delve into intimate details and complexities, but traces measurement and assessment controversies over time and across psychological domains. The main goal has been to approach the problems of measurement and assessment from the perspective of psychological theory. The book begins with an overview, a broad picture of how psychological measurement and assessment have evolved. Separate chapters present descriptions and interpretations of measurement issues that have been important over the lifespan of psychological science. Traditional approaches along with newer concepts and procedures are are discussed, along with an attempt to integrate the major themes that emerge from the historical survey with the ultimate purpose of reviewing and proposing new directions. This book is offered as a complement to existing texts in psychological measurement and assessment.
Table of Contents
1 History
The Seeds of Conflict
The Desire to Be Scientific
The Desire to Be Relevant
Consequences of the Success of Psychological Measurement
Prediction over Explanation
Handling Error
Loss of Experimental Methods
The Gain of Traits and Loss of Situations
Loss of Precision
Consequences of the Problems of Psychological Measurement
Scientific Crises
The Neglect of Measurement
The Wisdom and Tyranny of Tradition
Measurement and Theoretical Advances
Summary and Implications
2 Consistency of Measurement Across and within Individuals
Consistency of Measurement across Individuals
Large Samples and Individual Differences Equals Nomothetic Measurement
Consistency of Measurement within Individuals
A Brief History of Traits
Systematic Measurement Errors: Sources of Inconsistency
Human Judgment Ratings
Response Strategies
Factors Related to Strategy Selection
Cognitive Influences
Motivational and Affective Influences
Behavioral Influences
Examples of Generative Response Strategies
Error Simulations
Consistency within Human Response Modes: Desynchrony of Behavior, Affect, and Cognition
History
Evidence for Mode Inconsistency
Causes
Psychological Interventions
Summary and Implications
3 Consistency across Raters and Rating Procedures
Inconsistencies across Raters
Employment Interviews
Clinical Interviews
Rater Errors
Halo Errors
Leniency and Criticalness Errors
Range Restriction Errors
Improving Interviews and Raters
Whose Rating is Most Valid?
Inconsistency across Rating Procedures
Statistical versus Clinical Prediction
Clinical Observation of Test Behavior
Scientist as Observer
Summary and Implications
4 Consistency within and across Situations: Trait versus Environment
History
The Controversy of Mischel and Peterson
Reinforcing the Trait Argument
The Rejection of Traits: Behavioral Assessment
Person-Environment Interactions
Aptitude-by-Treatment Interactions (ATIs)
Environmental Assessment
Moderators of Cross-Situational Consistency
States and Traits
Process Research
Summary and Implications
5 Consistency across Constructs: Lack of Discriminant Validity
History
Types of Validity
Constructs, Theories, and Valid Measurement
Multitrait-Multimethod Matrices
Campbell and Fiske
Criteria for Construct Validity
Ubiquitous Method Variance
Inconsistency across Constructs
A Multitrait-Multimethod Example
Problems with Construct Validation
Summary and Implications
6 Promising Approaches
Traditional Approaches
Measurement of Personality and Temperament
Act-Frequency Analysis
The Big Five
Predicting Occupational Criteria
Clinical Measures
Cognitive Abilities and g
Neuropsychological Testing
Aggregation
Summary
Statistically Oriented Approaches
Item Response Theory (IRT)
Generalizability Theory (GT)
Does Measurement Equal Statistics?
Do the Measurement Properties of Objects Affect the Type of Statistical Procedure Employed?
Summary
Cognitive Approaches
Task Decomposition
Protocol Analysis
Item Characteristics
Constructivist Assessments
Summary
Behavioral Approaches
Assessment in Mental Health Institutions
Behavioral Physics
Simulations, Structured Assessments, and Work Assessment Centers
Summary
Computer-Based Approaches
Response Latency
Human Speech
Simulations
Summary
Summary and Implications
7 Integration
The Implications of Measurement History
Constructing Tests
Measurement for Selection
Measurement for Explanatory Theory Building
Measurement for Intervention
Administering Tests
Selection
Theory Building
Intervention
Scoring Tests
Selection
Theory Building
Intervention
Interpreting Tests
Selection
Theory Building
Intervention
Summary and Implications
8 Conclusions and Speculations
Appendix
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 306
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1994
- Published: September 27, 1994
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9781483271590
About the Author
Scott T. Meier
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