The Cereal Rusts

Origins, Specificity, Structure, and Physiology

1st Edition - May 1, 1984
Editor: William Bushnell
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 5 8 2 - 4

The Cereal Rusts, Volume I: Origins, Specificity, Structure, and Physiology presents the historical, evolutionary, taxonomic, structural, genetic, and physiological characteristics… Read more

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The Cereal Rusts, Volume I: Origins, Specificity, Structure, and Physiology presents the historical, evolutionary, taxonomic, structural, genetic, and physiological characteristics of cereal rust fungi and the diseases they cause in cereal crops. The cereal rusts are potentially serious disease threats to cereal crops and have caused widespread losses in wheat, oats, barley, and related crops. This three-part volume brings together in a single reference source the accumulated knowledge, complex, challenging science of cereal rusts. The first chapters of this 16-chapter volume cover the pioneering contributions of early scientists to the knowledge of cereal rusts, the evolution of cereal rusts, and the taxonomy of cereal rust fungi. The book also examines the specificity of cereal rusts including formae speciales, race specificity, pathogen-host genetics, histology and molecular biology of host parasite specificity, and the genetics of rust fungus populations as reflected by virulence frequency. The text further discusses the structure and physiology aspects; the germination of urediospores and differentiation of infection structures; and the infection under artificial conditions. The ultrastructure of hyphae and urediospores; the development and physiology of teliospores; and the obligate parasitism and axenic culture of rust fungi are also explained. This volume also encompasses the structure and physiology of haustoria; structural and physiological alterations in susceptible hosts; and effects of rust on plant development in relation to nutrient translocation. Cereal rust investigators, plant pathologists, agronomists, agriculturalists, research biochemists, cytologists, geneticists, physiologists, taxonomists, epidemiologists, and pathologists will find this book invaluable.

ContentsContributorsPrefacePart I. Origins 1. Contributions of Early Scientists to Knowledge of Cereal Rusts I. Introduction II. Description and Taxonomy of Cereal Rust Fungi III. Life Cycles and Cytology of Cereal Rust Fungi IV. Epidemiology of Cereal Rusts V. Resistance to Cereal Rusts VI. Physiology of Cereal Rusts VII. Books and a Newsletter of Special Significance VIII. Epilogue—H. H. Flor (1900- ) References 2. Evolution at the Center of Origin I. Introduction II. Evolution of Cereal Rust Diseases III. Concluding Remarks References 3. Taxonomy of the Cereal Rust Fungi I. Introduction II. Methods of Study III. Species Concepts in Rusts IV. Rusts of Temperate (Festucoid) Cereals V. Rusts of Maize (Zea mays) VI. Rusts of Sorghum Species VII. Rusts of Sugarcane ReferencesPart II. Specificity 4. The Formae Speciales I. Definition and Historical Background II. Host Range III. The Alternate Host IV. Crossings and Hybrids V. Common Hosts and Somatic Hybridization VI. Morphological Differences between Formae Speciales VII. Evolution VIII. Discussion and Conclusions References 5. Race Specificity and Methods of Study I. Introduction II. Why Study Race Specificity? III. History of Race Specificity IV. Race Nomenclature V. Source of Collections VI. Importance of Type Cultures VII. Single Uredium Isolates VIII. Selection of Differential Hosts IX. "Universal" Resistance Series X. Prospects References 6. Genetics of the Pathogen-Host Association I. Introduction II. The Origin of the Gene-for-Gene Concept III. The Gene-for-Gene Model IV. Categories of Genetic Interaction that Control Disease Development V. Applications of Interorganismal Genetics References 7. Histology and Molecular Biology of Host-Parasite Specificity I. Introduction II. Histology III. Molecular Biology IV. Present Trends, New Technology References 8. Virulence Frequency Dynamics of Cereal Rust Fungi I. Introduction II. Virulence Dynamics Curve III. Polygenic Nature of Fitness ReferencesPart III. Structure and Physiology A. The Rust Fungus 9. Germination of Urediospores and Differentiation of Infection Structures 10. Controlled Infection by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici under Artificial Conditions 11. Developmental Ultrastructure of Hyphae and Spores 12. Development and Physiology of Teliospores 13. Obligate Parasitism and Axenic Culture B. The Host—Parasite Interface 14. Structure and Physiology of Haustoria C. The Rusted Host 15. Structural and Physiological Alterations in Susceptible 16. Effects of Rust on Plant Development in Relation to the Translocation of Inorganic and Organic SolutesIndex