Subcellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

1st Edition - May 28, 1989
Editor: Dennis E. Buetow
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 6 5 4 - 8

The Biology of Euglena, Volume IV: Subcellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology focuses on the subcellular biochemistry and molecular biology of eukaryotic microorganisms that… Read more

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The Biology of Euglena, Volume IV: Subcellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology focuses on the subcellular biochemistry and molecular biology of eukaryotic microorganisms that belong to the genus Euglena, including Euglena gracilis. It investigates enzymes and their functional location in Euglena cells, along with subcellular particles, the nucleus, the mitochondria, the chloroplast protein synthesis and chloroplast DNA, and the microbodies and lysosomes of Euglena. Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of techniques in determining the location of enzymes and in isolating organelles in Euglena. It then proceeds with a discussion of the nucleus, its ultrastructure and macromolecules, and chromatin organization. The next chapters examine the morphology and ultrastructure of mitochondria, the morphology and biogenesis of microbodies and lysosomes, the nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction, and the structure and physicochemical properties of chloroplast DNA. The last two chapters consider the ribosomal RNAs of Euglena and the organization and activities of cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and chloroplast ribosomes and polyribosomes, along with its polyadenylated and messenger RNA. This book will be of interest to biochemists, molecular biologists, botanists, and plant geneticists.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Previous Volumes

Chapter 1. Enzymes and Their Functional Location

I. Introduction

II. Techniques for Determination of Enzyme Location and Isolation of Organelles in

Euglena

III. Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism

IV. Respiratory Enzymes

V. Enzymes of Photosynthesis

VI. Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism

VII. Enzymes of Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism

VIII. Enzymes of Nucleic Acid Metabolism

IX. Enzymes of Phosphate Metabolism

X. Enzymes of Oxygen Metabolism

XI. List of Enzymes Found in Euglena

Chapter 2. The Nucleus

I. Studies since 1968

II. Ultrastructure of the Nucleus

III. Chromatin Organization

IV. Macromolecules of the Nucleus

V. Effects of Metabolic Dysfunctions on the Nucleus: Cell Intoxications and Deficiencies

VI. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 3. The Mitochondrion

I. Introduction

II. Morphology and Ultrastructure

III. Isolation of Mitochondria

IV. Composition

V. Metabolism

VI. ATP Formation

VII. Effects of Environmental Modifications on Mitochondria

VIII. Role of Mitochondria during Chloroplast Development

IX. Mitochondrial Nucleic Acids

X. Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis

XI. Regulation of Expression of Nuclear Genes Coding for Mitochondrial Proteins

XII. Discussion

Chapter 4. Microbodies, Lysosomes, and Autophagic Vacuoles

I. Introduction

II. Morphology

III. Isolation

IV. Distribution of Enzymes within Microbodies

V. Function of Microbodies

VI. Microbodies in Other Algae

VII. Effect of Environmental Changes on Microbody Enzymes

VIII. Biogenesis of Microbodies

IX. Lysosomes

Chapter 5. Chloroplast Protein Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Protein Synthesis

III. Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interaction: Ribulose-bisphosphate Carboxylase

IV. Posttranscriptional Control of Plastid Gene Expression

Chapter 6. Chloroplast DNA

I. Introduction

II. Chloroplast DNA Isolation

III. Structure and Physicochemical Properties

IV. Restriction Endonuclease Analysis

V. Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Operons

VI. Transfer RNA Genes and Gene Clusters

VII. Polyadenylated Ribonucleic Acid

VIII. Protein Genes

IX. Comparative Organization of Chloroplast Genes

X. DNA Synthesis

XI. Chloroplast DNA in Bleached Mutants

XII. Discussion

Chapter 7. Polyribosomes, Ribosomes, and Ribosomal RNA

I. Introduction

II. Polyribosomes

III. Ribosomes

IV. Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acids

V. Ribosomal Proteins

VI. Regulation of rRNA, Ribosome, and Polyribosome Synthesis

VII. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 8. Poly(A)-Containing RNA and Messenger RNA

I. Characteristics and Complexities of Euglena RNA; Changes during Greening

II. Protein Synthesis Activity of the Different RNA Fractions

III. Comparative Data from Other Plant Cells

Index