Structural Elements Design Manual

Preface 91 General Matters 1.1 Introduction 1.2 British Standards 1.3 Loading 1.4 Structural Mechanics 1.5 Theory of Bending 1.6 Compression Members 1.7 Summary2 Timber Elements 2.1 Stress Grading 2.2 Structural Design of Timber 2.3 Symbols 2.4 Strength Classes 2.5 Grade Stresses 2.6 Design Stresses 2.7 Dry and Wet Exposure Conditions 2.8 Geometrical Properties of Timber 2.9 Duration of Load 2.10 Load Sharing Systems 2.11 Types of Member 2.12 Flexural Members 2.12.1 Bending (Including Lateral Buckling) 2.12.2 Deflection 2.12.3 Shear 2.12.4 Bearing 2.12.5 Design Summary for Timber Flexural Members 2.13 Proprietary Timber Beams 2.14 Compression Members: Posts 2.14.1 Applied Compression Stress 2.14.2 Permissible Compression Stress 2.14.3 Slenderness of Posts 2.14.4 Slenderness Ratio λ 2.14.5 Ratio of Modulus of Elasticity to Compression Stress 2.14.6 Eccentrically Loaded Posts 2.14.7 Design Summary for Timber Posts 2.15 Load Bearing Stud Walls 2.16 Timber Temporary Works 2.16.1 Formwork 2.16.2 Support Work for Excavations 2.17 References3 Concrete Elements 3.1 Structural Design of Concrete 3.2 Symbols 3.3 Design Philosophy 3.3.1 Ultimate Limit State 3.3.2 Serviceability Limit State 3.3.3 Limit State Basic Design Procedure 3.4 Safety Factors 3.5 Loads 3.5.1 Characteristic Loads 3.5.2 Partial Safety Factors for Load 3.5.3 Ultimate Design Load 3.6 Material Properties 3.6.1 Characteristic Strength of Materials 3.6.2 Partial Safety Factors for Materials 3.6.3 Ultimate Design Strength of Materials 3.7 Practical Considerations for Durability 3.7.1 Shape and Bulk of Concrete 3.7.2 Concrete Cover to Reinforcement 3.7.3 Fire Resistance 3.8 Flexural Members 3.9 Beams 3.9.1 Effective Span of Beams 3.9.2 Deep Beams 3.9.3 Slender Beams 3.9.4 Main Reinforcement Areas 3.9.5 Minimum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.9.6 Maximum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.9.7 Bending ULS 3.9.8 Cracking SLS 3.9.9 Deflection SLS 3.9.10 Shear ULS 3.9.11 Design Summary for Concrete Beams 3.10 Slabs 3.10.1 Dimensional Considerations 3.10.2 Reinforcement Areas 3.10.3 Minimum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.10.4 Maximum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.10.5 Bending ULS 3.10.6 Cracking SLS 3.10.7 Deflection SLS 3.10.8 Shear ULS 3.11 Columns 3.11.1 Column Cross-Section 3.11.2 Main Reinforcement Areas 3.11.3 Minimum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.11.4 Maximum Spacing of Reinforcement 3.11.5 Lateral Reinforcement 3.11.6 Compressive ULS 3.11.7 Shear ULS 3.11.8 Cracking SLS 3.11.9 Lateral Deflection 3.11.10 Design Summary for Concrete Columns 3.12 References4 Masonry Elements 4.1 Structural Design of Masonry 4.2 Symbols 4.3 Definitions 4.4 Materials 4.4.1 Bricks 4.4.2 Blocks 4.4.3 Mortar 4.4.4 Wall Ties 4.4.5 Damp Proof Courses 4.5 Design Philosphy 4.6 Safety Factors 4.7 Loads 4.7.1 Characteristic Loads 4.7.2 Partial Safety Factors for Load 4.7.3 Ultimate Design Load 4.8 Material Properties 4.8.1 Characteristic Compressive Strength of Masonry Units 4.8.2 Partial Safety Factors for Materials 4.8.3 Ultimate Compressive Strength of Masonry Units 4.9 Factors Influencing the Load Bearing Capacity of Masonry Members 4.9.1 Slenderness Ratio 4.9.2 Lateral Support 4.9.3 Effective Height 4.9.4 Effective Length 4.9.5 Effective Thickness 4.9.6 Capacity Reduction Factor for Slenderness 4.10 Vertical Load Resistance 4.10.1 Design Summary for a Vertically Loaded Wall or Column 4.11 Concentrated Loads 4.12 References5 Steel Elements 5.1 Structural Design of Steelwork 5.2 Symbols 5.3 Definitions 5.4 Steel Grades and Sections 5.5 Design Philosophy 5.6 Safety Factors 5.7 Loads 5.7.1 Specified Loads 5.7.2 Partial Safety Factors for Load 5.7.3 Ultimate Design Load 5.7.4 Serviceability Design Load 5.8 Material Properties 5.9 Section Properties 5.10 Beams 5.10.1 Bending ULS 5.10.2 Bending ULS of Laterally Restrained Beams 5.10.3 Bending ULS of Laterally Unrestrained Beams 5.10.4 Shear ULS 5.10.5 Deflection SLS 5.10.6 Web Buckling Resistance 5.10.7 Web Bearing Resistance 5.10.8 Design Summary for Steel Beams 5.11 Fabricated Beams 5.12 Columns 5.12.1 Axially Loaded Columns 5.12.2 Design Summary for Axially Loaded Steel Columns 5.12.3 Axially Loaded Columns with Nominal Moments 5.12.4 Design Summary for Axially Loaded Steel Columns with Nominal Moments 5.12.5 Cased Columns 5.12.6 Column Baseplates 5.13 Connections 5.14 ReferencesIndex