Stress in Health and Disease

Foreword Purpose and ScopePrefatory Remarks on the Style of this Book General Structure References Critique and Personal Observations Reviews Our Earlier Stress Monographs General Popular Foreign Languages How to Use This Book Glossary Stress TestsI. History and General Outline of the Stress Concept History Prescientific Intuitive Feelings Foreshadowing the Existence of Stress Beginnings of a Scientific Analysis The General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.) General Outline Definition and Terminology of Biologic Stress Principal Pathways Mediating the Response to a Stressor Conditioning Degrees of Specificity, Relationship between the G.A.S and L.A.S Cross Resistance and Treatment with Stressors or Stress Hormones The Diseases of Adaptation or Stress Diseases Syntoxic and Catatoxic Responses The Concept of Heterostasis Behavioral ImplicationsII. Stressors and Conditioning Agents Trauma Generalities → ACTH and Corticoids → Catecholamines (EP, NEP) → STH → Insulin → Sex Hormones → Other Hormones → Histamine and 5-HT → Enzymes → Other Metabolites → Other Targets + Age + Anesthesia + Temperature + Season + Diet + Genetics Drugs AMP, ADP, ATP Alloxan Aminoglutethimide Amphenone Anesthetics and Analgesics Antiadrenergics Antibiotics Anticholinergics Antihistamines Asiaticoside Benzol Cannabis Chlorpromazine CNS Stimulants Colchicine Cysteamine DDD DDT DNA, RNA Dibenzyline Diphenylhydantoin DMSO DOPA Electrolytes, Water, Osmotic Pressure Ethanol Ethionine α-Ethyltryptamine, α-Methyltryptamine Formaldehyde Glucose 6-Hydroxydopamine Insecticides Isethionate MAO Inhibitors Meprobamate Methadone Methamphetamine Metrazol Metyrapone (Metopirone) Morphine α-MT Mustards Narcotics and Other Psychotropic Drugs Nialamide Nicotine Nicotinic Acid Nitrous Oxide PCPA Pimozide Poly chlorinated Biphenyls Psychotropic Drugs Reserpine Ricin Salicylates Tranquilizers Vitamins Various Drugs or Drug Combinations Not Previously Mentioned Hormones and Hormone-like Substances Catecholamines Corticoids Glucagon Gonadotropic and Gonadal Hormones Histamine and 5-HT Insulin Pineal Hormones Renin, Angiotensin STH Thymus Hormones Thyroid Hormones Vasopressin. Diet Generalities → Hormones → Varia + Temperature Variations + Restraint + Other Stressors Physical Agents Temperature, including Frostbite Burns SoundUltrasound, Sonic Booms Ionizing Rays Light Rays Ultraviolet Rays Vibration Air Blasts Compression, Decompression Gravity Electricity, Electroshock Magnetism Osmotic Pressure Microorganisms and Their Toxins Generalities → Hormones + Varia Immunity Hypoxia, Decreased Barometric Pressure including Hyperbaric Oxygenation Generalities → Morphology → Hormones → Enzymes and Other Metabolites → Nervous Changes → Varia + Varia Hemorrhage Muscular Exercise Generalities → Hormones → Enzymes and Other Metabolites + Varia Restraint Generalities → Hormones → Enzymes and Other Metabolites → Varia + Varia Athletics Generalities → Hormones + Varia Neuropsychologic Stimuli Generalities Pain and Grief Anxiety, Anticipation, Fear, Arousal Public Speaking Sleep Deprivation Motivation Cognition Fighting, Anger, Hate Sensory Deprivation, Boredom, Monotony Pleasure Handling and Gentling Varia Climate, Environment Generalities Pollution Social, Cultural, Family Crowding Isolation Captivity Concentration Camps, POWs Relocation and Travel Urbanization Catastrophe, Accidents Biorhythms Circadian Seasonal Variations Hibernation Meteorologic Influences Occupation Aerospace Parachute Jumping Air Traffic Control Navy, Marine, Submarine Diving Military Life, including Combat Automobile Driving Industry, Labor, Business, Finance Executive Life Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing Law Police Work Shift Work Telephone and Telegraph Operators Various Other Occupations Unemployment, Retirement Physiologic States Age Sex (Including the Sexual Cycle) Pregnancy and Lactation Genetics, Race, Constitution Generalities Vertebrates Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish Invertebrates Plants and Microorganisms Tumors Combined Effect of Various Agents Multiple Stressors (Cross-resistance and Cross-sensitization)III. Characteristic Manifestations of Stress Chemical Changes Body Weight Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Other Metabolites Morphologic Changes Hypothalamo-hypophyseal System Adrenals Thyroid Sex Organs (including Pregnancy and Lactation) Pancreas Pineal Gland Thymicolymphatic and Hematopoietic Organs Blood Cells, Blood Volume Cardiovascular System Gastrointestinal System Oral (Teeth, Periodontal) Structures Salivary Glands Lung Ocular Structures Kidney Liver Connective Tissue, Wound Healing, Regeneration and Inflammation Skin Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Tumors Other Morphologic Changes Functional Changes Resistance Nervous System Stress Tests Body Temperature Cardiovascular System, including Blood Pressure, ECG Muscular System Blood Coagulation Immunology Death VariaIV. Diseases of Adaptation Generalities Shock Gastrointestinal Diseases of Adaptation Peptic Ulcers Experimental Peptic Ulcers Ulcerative Colitis Varia Cardiovascular Diseases (including Hypertension, Cardiac Infarcts, Periarteritis Nodosa) Generalities History ← Stressors in General ← Psychogenic Stressors ← Conditioning Diagnostic Indicators and Other Changes Characteristic of Stress-induced Cardiovascular Disease Experimental Cardiovascular Diseases Neuropsychiatric Diseases Generalities Psychosomatic Neuroses Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses Manic-depressive Disease Toxicomanias (including Alcoholism) Senile Psychosis Other Neuropsychiatric and Psychosomatic Diseases Experimental Neuroses (including Toxicomanias) Other Diseases of Adaptation Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia and Hyperinsulinism Thyroid Diseases Cushing's Disease Immunity, Allergy and Infections Tumors Pancreatitis Renal Diseases Gynecologic Diseases Oral, Dental Diseases Ocular Diseases Skin Diseases Gastrointestinal Diseases Nutritional Diseases (including Kwashiorkor) Ménière's Disease Varia Pluricausal Diseases Diseases of Adaptation in Animals Generalities Shipping Fever VariaV. Treatment Generalities Rest and Leisure Psychotherapy in General Handling and Gentling Transcendental Meditation (TM) and Related Techniques Zen and Yoga Hypnosis Psychoanalysis Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chiropractic Osteopathy Various Stressors (Mental and Physical) Diet Hormones and Related Substances Vitamins Psychotropic Drugs in General Autonomic Blocking Agents Ginseng, Eleutherococcus Ethanol Other Drugs SmokingVI. Theories General Mechanisms Nervous Mechanisms Dictionary Anatomic Drawings and Explanatory Tables General Discussion of CRF and the Results of Experiments Deafferentation of the Hypophysiotrophic Area Abstracts of Literature on Various Nervous Mechanisms Hormonal Mechanisms Anterior Lobe of the Hypophysis Middle {Intermediate) Lobe of the Hypophysis, MTH (MSH) Posterior (Neural) Lobe of the Hypophysis Adrenals The Shift in Adenohypophyseal Activity Syntoxic and Catatoxic Hormones Other Hormones and Hormone-like Substances Various Mechanisms The First Mediator General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.) vs Local Adaptation Syndrome (L.A.S.) Conditioning The Three Phases of the G.A.S., Adaptation Energy, Aging Stress and Fatigue Various Other TheoriesVII. Various Other Related Topics Legal Implications Philosophic Implications Institutes, Laboratories, and Societies Primarily or Exclusively Devoted to Stress ResearchEpilogueAuthor IndexSubject Index