Spontaneous Pathology of the Laboratory Non-human Primate

1st Edition - June 20, 2023
Editors: Alys Bradley, Jennifer Chilton, Beth Mahler
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 3 0 8 8 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 3 0 8 9 - 6

Spontaneous Pathology of the Laboratory Non-human Primate serves as a "go to" resource for all pathologists working on primates in safety assessment studies. In addition, it helps… Read more

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Spontaneous Pathology of the Laboratory Non-human Primate serves as a "go to" resource for all pathologists working on primates in safety assessment studies. In addition, it helps diagnostic veterinary pathologists rule out spontaneous non-clinical disease pathologies when assigning cause of death to species in zoological collections. Primate species included are rhesus, cynomolgus macaques and marmosets. Multi-authored chapters are arranged by organ system, thus providing the necessary information for continued research.

Pathologists often face a lack of suitable reference materials or historical data to determine if pathologic changes they are observing in monkeys are spontaneous or a consequence of other treatments or factors.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Introduction
Chapter 1. Choice of the non-human primate for biomedical research
1. Introduction
2. Non-human primates as disease models
3. Non-human primates as models of aging and reproduction
4. Non-human primates in drug and biopharmaceutical discovery and development
5. Challenges for the use of non-human primates in research
6. The future of non-human primates in biomedical research
7. Conclusion
Chapter 2. Regulations and ethics concerning the use of non-human primates in research
1. Introduction
2. Regulatory considerations for the use of non-human primates in research
3. Ethical considerations for the use of non-human primates in research
4. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Infectious diseases of non-human primates
1. Introduction
2. Viruses
3. Bacteria
4. Parasites
5. Opportunistic fungal infections
6. Microsporidians
7. Other pathogens of non-human primates—Pentastomida
8. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Clinical examination of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. The clinical exam of the non-human primate
3. Prophylactic therapy
4. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Routes of administration for the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Selecting the right dose route
3. Commonly used routes of administration in NHP research
4. Other routes of administration
5. Conclusion
Chapter 6. The alimentary system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and histology of the alimentary system
3. Embryology of the non-human primate alimentary tract
4. Congenital lesions of the alimentary tract
5. Degenerative lesions of the alimentary tract
6. Inflammatory lesions of the alimentary tract
7. Hyperplastic lesions of the alimentary tract
8. Neoplastic lesions of the alimentary tract
9. Toxicologic lesions of the alimentary tract
10. Miscellaneous conditions of the alimentary tract
11. Non-human primate models of disease of the alimentary tract
12. Conclusion
Chapter 7. The hepatobiliary system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy, microanatomy, and function of the liver and gallbladder
3. Effects of age on liver structure and function
4. Congenital lesions of the hepatobiliary system
5. Degenerative lesions of the hepatobiliary system
6. Inflammatory lesions of the hepatobiliary system
7. Hypertrophic and hyperplastic lesions of the hepatobiliary system
8. Neoplastic lesions
9. Miscellaneous conditions in non-human primates
10. Metabolic and nutritional conditions affecting the hepatobiliary system
11. Non-human primate models of liver disease
12. Toxicologic lesions of the hepatobiliary system
13. Conclusion
Chapter 8. The exocrine pancreas of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Normal anatomy, histology, and physiology
3. Congenital lesions of the exocrine pancreas
4. Degenerative and regenerative lesions of the exocrine pancreas
5. Inflammatory lesions of the exocrine pancreas
6. Hyperplastic lesions of the exocrine pancreas
7. Neoplastic lesions of the exocrine pancreas
8. Miscellaneous lesions of the exocrine pancreas
9. Toxicologic lesions
10. Conclusion
Chapter 9. The urinary system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Embryology and fetal development of the urinary system
3. Structure and function of the urinary system
4. Congenital lesions of the urinary system
5. Degenerative lesions of the urinary system
6. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the urinary system
7. Hyperplastic and metaplastic lesions of urinary system
8. Neoplastic lesions of the urinary system
9. Miscellaneous lesions of the urinary system
10. Toxicologic lesions of the urinary system
11. Conclusion
Chapter 10. The nervous system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and histology of the nervous system
3. Congenital lesions of the nervous system
4. Degenerative lesions of the nervous system
5. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the nervous system
6. Neoplastic lesions of the nervous system
7. Miscellaneous spontaneous and artifactual findings of the nervous system
8. Toxicological findings of the nervous system
9. Conclusion
Chapter 11. The eye and ocular adnexa of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Embryology
3. Anatomy and histology
4. Congenital lesions
5. Inflammatory lesions
6. Degenerative lesions
7. Proliferative lesions
8. Toxicologic lesions
9. Miscellaneous lesions and artifacts
10. Conclusion
Chapter 12. Musculoskeletal system of the non-human primate
1. Muscle
2. Bone
3. Conclusion
Chapter 13. The integumentary system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Integumentary anatomy and histology
3. Evaluation and diagnosis of dermatological disease
4. Congenital and developmental lesions of skin
5. Degenerative lesions of skin
6. Inflammatory and vascular lesions
7. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of skin
8. Other dermatological conditions of non-human primates
9. Non-human primate models with dermatologic manifestations
10. Toxicologic lesions of the integument
11. Fish skin grafting for non-human primate skin lesions
12. Conclusion
Chapter 14. The mammary gland of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy, histology, and embryology of the non-human primate mammary gland
3. Congenital lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
4. Degenerative lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
5. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
6. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
7. Neoplastic lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
8. Miscellaneous lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
9. Toxicologic lesions of the non-human primate mammary gland
10. Conclusion
Chapter 15. The respiratory system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system
3. Congenital lesions of the respiratory system
4. Degenerative lesions of the respiratory system
5. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the respiratory system
6. Hyperplastic, metaplastic, and neoplastic lesions of the respiratory system
7. Miscellaneous lesions of the respiratory system
8. Toxicologic lesions of the respiratory system
9. Non-human primate models of respiratory disease
10. Conclusion
Chapter 16. The hematolymphoid system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy of the hematolymphoid system
3. Congenital lesions of the hematolymphoid system
4. Degenerative lesions of the hematolymphoid system of the non-human primate
5. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the hematopoietic system
6. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the hematolymphoid system
7. Miscellaneous findings in the hematolymphoid system of non-human primates
8. Toxicologic findings of the hematolymphoid system
9. Conclusion
Chapter 17. The female reproductive tract of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Normal anatomy and biology
3. Congenital lesions of the female reproductive system
4. Degenerative lesions
5. Vascular lesions
6. Inflammatory lesions
7. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions
8. Miscellaneous spontaneous, experimental and iatrogenic lesions of the female reproductive system
9. Toxicologic lesions
10. Conclusion
Chapter 18. The male reproductive system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and histology
3. Physiology
4. Congenital lesions
5. Degenerative lesions
6. Inflammatory and vascular lesions
7. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions
8. Toxicologic lesions
9. Conclusion
Chapter 19. The cardiovascular system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system
3. Congenital lesions of the cardiovascular system
4. Degenerative lesions of the cardiovascular system
5. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the cardiovascular system
6. Hyperplastic lesions of the cardiovascular system
7. Neoplastic lesions of the cardiovascular system
8. Miscellaneous findings of the cardiovascular system
9. Toxicologic lesions of the cardiovascular system
10. Conclusion
Chapter 20. The endocrine system of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy, histology, and embryology of the endocrine system
3. The hypothalamic endocrine axes
4. Congenital lesions of the endocrine system
5. Degenerative lesions of the endocrine system
6. Inflammatory and vascular lesions of the endocrine system
7. Hyperplastic lesions of the endocrine system
8. Neoplastic lesions of the endocrine system
9. Other findings in endocrine organs of non-human primates
10. Toxicologically induced lesions of the endocrine system
11. Conclusion
Chapter 21. Clinical pathology of the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Challenges and rationale for clinical pathology evaluations of non-human primates in biomedical research
3. Clinical pathology sample collection and analysis
4. Hematology
5. Hemostasis: factors, tests, and interpretation
6. Clinical chemistry: collection, analysis, and interpretation
7. Urinalysis: general overview and interpretation
8. Bone marrow smear evaluation
9. Conclusion
Chapter 22. Immunohistochemistry for the non-human primate
1. Introduction
2. Why use immunohistochemistry
3. Methodology
4. Slide evaluation
5. Potentially useful immunohistochemical stains
6. Conclusion
Index

Alys Bradley

Dr. Bradley has been with Charles River since 1998 where she is the senior director of pathology. In this capacity she leads a team of veterinary pathologists and pathology analysts. She has specialist interest and provides consultancy services in neuropathology, non-human primate pathology, medical devices, and cellular therapy products (human and animal stem cells). She is an experienced study pathologist for acute, long term reproductive toxicology, tumorigenicity, oncogenicity, microautoradiography, target animal safety and carcinogenicity studies. She has authored over 700 GLP or GMP compliant toxicological peer reviewed pathology and photomicroscopy reports. She is the GLP and GMP Study Director as well as the Quality Control Manager for GMP pathology services.

Affiliations and expertise

Director of Pathology, Charles River, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Jennifer Chilton

Dr. Chilton has been with Charles River since 2007 where she is the senior veterinary pathologist. She has specialist interest and provides consultancy services in neuropathology, non-human primate and comparative pathology. She has authored numerous GLP and investigative toxicological reports and is currently the neuropathology liaison to The National Chimpanzee Brain Resource (NCBR), George Washington University, Washington DC and staff pathologist for the Alamogordo Primate Facility, Alamogordo, NM.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Veterinary Pathologist, Charles River, Inc., Reno, NV, USA

Beth Mahler

Ms. Mahler is a Pathology Associate with over 32 years of experience as a certified histologist (HT) in the areas of histology, animal necropsy, and digital photomicroscopy. Since 2006, she has served as the illustrations editor for the journal Toxicologic Pathology. Past illustrative editorship roles include associate editor of Pathology of the Mouse, edited by Dr Robert R. Maronpot.

Affiliations and expertise

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Division, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA