Small Antenna Design

As wireless devices and systems get both smaller and more ubiquitous, the demand for effective but small antennas is rapidly increasing. Small Antenna Design describes the theory behind effective small antenna design and give design techniques and examples for small antennas for different operating frequencies. Design techniques are given for the entire radio spectrum, from a very hundred kilohertz to the gigahertz range.

Unlike other antenna books which are heavily mathematical and theoretical, Douglas Miron keeps mathematics to the absolute minimum required to explain design techniques. Ground planes, essential for operation of many antenna designs, are extensively discussed.

• Author's extensive experience as a practicing antenna design engineer gives book a strong "hands-on" emphasis
• Covers antenna design techniques from very low frequency (below 300 kHz) to microwave (above 1 GHz) ranges
• Special attention is given to antenna design for mobile/portable applications such as cell phones, WiFi, etc

RF/wireless design engineers and engineering managers; Electronics engineering students

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 What is Small?
1.2 What are the Problems?
1.3 Some Historical Small Antenna Types and Applications
1.4 Some Present and Future Small Antennas
References

Chapter 2: Antenna Fundamentals I
2.1 Electromagnetic Waves
2.1.1 Waves in Space
2.1.2 Waves in Transmission Lines
2.1.3 Power in Waves
2.2 Polarization
2.3 The Short Dipole
2.3.1 Radiation Pattern
2.3.2 Circuit Behavior
2.4 The Small Loop
2.4.1 Circuit Behavior
2.5 Directionality, Efficiency, and Gain
References
Problems

Chapter 3: Antenna Fundamentals II
3.1 Bandwidth and Quality Factor, Q
3.2 Impedance Matching and System Efficiency
3.2.1 Narrow-Band Matching
3.2.2 Wideband Matching
3.2.3 System Efficiency
3.3 Reception
3.3.1 Effective Height
3.3.2 Effective Area
3.3.3 Reception Pattern
3.4 Ground Effects
3.4.1 Image Theory
3.4.2 Vertical Dipole Above a Perfect Ground Plane
3.4.3 Horizontal Dipole Above a PEC Plane
3.4.4 Grounded-Source Antennas
3.4.5 Counterpoise
3.4.6 Summary of Ground Effects
3.5 Improvements
References
Problems

Chapter 4: Introduction to Numerical Modeling of Wire Antennas
4.1 General Concepts
4.2 The Mathematical Basics of the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC)
4.2.1 Basis Functions
4.2.2 Applied Field Models
4.2.3 Solving the Integral Equation
4.3 Using NEC in the Command Window
4.4 Modeling Guidelines
4.5 NEC in a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
4.6 Examples from Chapters 2 and 3
4.6.1 The Short Dipole
4.6.2 Small Loop in Free Space
4.6.3 End-Loaded Short Dipole
References
Problems

Chapter 5: Programmed Modeling
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Using Wire-List Generators in NEC
5.2 Using Code to Generate a Wire List
Problems

Chapter 6: Open-Ended Antennas
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Thick Monopoles
6.1.1 Modeling Thick Monopoles
6.2 Top Loading
6.2.1 The Inverted-L
6.2.2 Top-Loading with Radials
6.2.3 Volume Loading
6.3 Coil Loading
6.4 Using Resonance
6.5 Summary
References
Problems

Chapter 7: Loops and Other Closed-Wire Antennas
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Thick Loops
7.1.1 The Doughnut
7.1.2 The Barrel Loop
7.2 Solenoid Antennas
7.3 The Contrawound Toroidal Helix Antenna (CTHA)
7.4 The Folded Spherical Helix Monopole
7.5 Final Comments
References
Problems

Chapter 8: Receiving Antennas
8.0 Introduction
8.1 External Noise
8.2 The Ferrite Rod Antenna
8.2.1 Antenna Parameters
8.2.2 Circuit Applications
8.3 Active Receiving Antennas
References
Problems

Chapter 9: Measurements
9.1 What are You Measuring?
9.2 Measurements Through a Transmission Line
9.2.1 If I only have an SWR meter...
9.2.2 Impedance Measured Through a Transmission Line
9.3 Ranges and Test Enclosures
9.4 The Wheeler Cap and Variations
9.4.1 Series and Parallel Effects
References
Problems

Appendix A: The Mathematics of Antenna Orientation
A.1 Unit-Vector and Coordinate Variable Relations.
A.2 The Horizontal Dipole
A.3 The Vertical Loop
Problems

Appendix B: The Parallel-Ray Approximation
Problems

Appendix C: The Small Loop
Problems

Appendix D: The Proximity Effect
D.1 Current Distribution
D.1.1 Problem Formulation and Reduction to a System of Linear Equations
D.1.2 Solution for the Current Coefficients
D.2 Power and Resistance
References

Appendix E: What Every EE Student Should Know About Mathematics by the Senior Year
E.1 What is Mathematics to an Engineer?
E.2 The Process is as Important as the Result
E.3 Facts and Idioms
E.3.1 Special Numbers
E.3.2 Identities and Formulas
E.3.3 Approximations
E.4 Integrals and Derivatives
E.5 Radians or Degrees?
E.6 Matrix Notation and Operations
E.7 Answers for Section E.3

Index