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Description
The book introduces procedures for simulating migration and entrapment of oil in three dimensions in sequences of sandstones and shales.
A principal purpose is to show how simulation experiments can represent oil migration routes and predict places where oil may be trapped in sandstones and intercalated shales.
The book derives the differential equations used to represent three-dimensional motions of porewater and oil in sedimentary sequences, and shows how the equations may be transformed into finite form for numerical solution with computers. There is emphasis on the graphic display of solutions, and results of example theoretical and actual applications are presented.
The book is directed to geologists who have backgrounds in mathematics and computing and who are engaged in oil exploration and production.
Readership
For petroleum geologists, petroleum engineers, computer scientists and oil explorationists.
Table of Contents
Preface. Rationale for Simulating Oil Migration and Entrapment in Clastic Sequences. The Continuum of Processes in the Real World Representing Space and Time. Spatial boundaries. Decoupling processes. Spatial resolution. Simplifying processes. Scale dependency. Overview of Migration and Accumulation. Source Rocks. Expulsion from Source Rocks. Secondary Migration. Migration rates and efficiency. Oil migration pathways. Migration under hydrodynamic conditions. Segregation and Change During Migration and Entrapment. Closing Statement. Generating Clastic Sequences. Types of Numerical Sedimentary Simulators. Geostatistical simulators. Geometric simulators. Diffusion simulators. Sedimentary process simulators. Comparison of numerical sedimentary simulators. Utilizing Process Simulators. Spectrum of process simulators. Calibrating and controlling process simulators. Boundary and Initial Conditions. Initial topography. Fluid and sediment discharge rates. Eustatic sea level changes. Uplift and subsidence. Depositional Environments. Fluvial environments. Deltaic environments. Oceanic environments. Submarine slope failure and turbidity currents. Recording Sequences Generated by Process Simulators. Cell height. Cellular storage by age. Reduction in number of cells. Integrating Depositional and Burial History. Limitations in Sedimentary Process Simulation. Mathematical representation. Resolution, scale, and grid dimensions. Decoupling processes. Limitations imposed by boundary conditions. Computing speed. Disk storage. Graphic display. Closing Statement. Endowing Simulated Sequences with Petrophysical Flow Properties. Porosity and Compaction. Compaction involving multiple grain sizes. “Chemical” compaction. Calculating porosity in simulated sequences. Permeability. Obtaining permeabilities empirically. Permeability based on the Kozeny-Carman equation. Capillary Pressure. Capillary pressure as functio
Details
- No. of pages:
- 198
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © 1997
About the authors
J. Wendebourg
Affiliations and Expertise
Research Scientist, Geology/Geochemistry Division, Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France
J.W. Harbaugh
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Geological Sciences and Petroleum Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Reviews
@from:(K. Bitzer, Instituto Jaume Almera, Barcelona, Spain)
@qu:(...)The chapters on simulation of oil entrapment and its representation in the MIGRAT code are the core of the book.(...)this book is a good start for those who intend to work on that topic(...)It is well written and although it carries a heavy load of equations, the underlying concepts are clearly explained, and at least the first six chapters should not pose problems to readers even without experience in computing.
@source:AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 83, No. 7