Screening Methods in Pharmacology
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Screening Methods in Pharmacology focuses on the methods for screening substances for pharmacological activities and discussions of organization of screening programs. The manuscript first offers information on the biochemistry of the nervous system and organization of screening, as well as mechanisms of drug effects within the autonomic system; mechanisms within the parasympathetic and symphatetic systems; and neuropharmacological tests in blind screening. The book also takes a look at general and quantal responses. The publication reviews depressants of the central nervous system and ataractic (tranquillizing, neuroleptic) agents. Topics include natatory exhaustion, motor deficit, righting reflex, pentylenetetrazol (metrazol) antagonism, head-withdrawal reflex, and avoidance of electrical shock. The book also ponders on analgesics and oxytoxic, antiserotonin, and anti-inflammatory agents. Discussions focus on narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics, erythema, inhibition of ascites, and pleural fluid. The manuscript is a valuable reference for readers interested in the screening methods in pharmacology.
Table of Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 A Brief Review of the Biochemistry of the Nervous System
I. Chemical Mediators
II. Some Mechanisms of Drug Effects Within the Autonomic System
III. Mechanisms Within the Parasympathetic System
IV. Mechanisms Within the Sympathetic System
Chapter 3 The Organization of Screening
I. Introduction
II. Further Remarks On Blind Screening
III. Neuropharmacological Tests in Blind Screening
IV. An Alternative Schedule
V. Tests Other Than Neuropharmacological
VI. Tests Subsequent to Those in Blind Screening
Chapter 4 General Methods
I. Introduction
II. Tests On Isolated Organs
III. The Guinea Pig Ileum
IV. The Vas Deferens of the Guinea Pig
V. The Jejunum of the Rat
VI. The Seminal Vesicle of the Rat
VII. Seminal Vesicle of the Guinea Pig
VII. Fundus Strip of the Rat
Ix. The Duodenum of the Rat
X. Other Isolated Organs
Xi. Cardiovascular Tests (Electrical and Chemical)
XII. Food Consumption
Chapter 5 Quantal Responses. Calculation of the ED50
I. Introduction
II. Graphical Calculation of Miller and Tainter
III. Arithmetical Method of Reed and Muench
IV. Arithmetical Method of Kärber
V. The pA Scale
VI. Tests With Superfusion; Drug Antagonism
VII. The Graphical Method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon
Chapter 6 Depressants of the Central Nervous System
I. Introduction
II. The Righting Reflex
III. Antagonism to Various Chemical Stimulants
IV. Palpebrai Test
V. Runway Test For Thirsty Rats
VI. Motor Deficit
VII. Motor Control On An Inclined Plane
VII. Natatory Exhaustion
Ix. Amphetamine Antagonism
X. Motor Activity
XI. Cornea and Pinna Reflexes
XII. Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) Antagonism
XII. A Test Group For Central Depressants
XIV. Central Anesthetics
Chapter 7 Ataractic (Tranquillizing, Neuroleptic) Agents
I. Introduction
II. Behavioral Test Group
III. Ratio of Reflexes in the Mouse
IV. Avoidance of Electrical Shock. A Test of Suppression of A Conditioned Response
V. Suppression of Combativeness
VI. Head-Withdrawal Reflex
VII. Yohimbine Syndrome
VII.. Open Field Test
IX. Conclusion
Chapter 8 Analgesics
I. Introduction
II. Narcotic Analgesics
III. Nonnarcotic Analgesics
Chapter 9 Oxytocic Agents
I. Introduction
II. Qualitative Test For Uterine Stimulation
III. Quantitative Procedure
IV. Tests Performed On The Uterus in Situ
Chapter 10 Antiserotonin Agents
I. The Isolated Uterus of the Rat
II. Isolated Uterus Bathed in Antagonist
III. Uterus Bathed in Antagonist. Alternative Method
IV. Antiedema Test On The Foot of the Rat
V. Cardiovascular Test On The Dog Given Chlorisondamine
VI. Antagonism to Serotonin-Induced Convulsions
VII. Ileum of the Guinea Pig; D Receptors
VII. Pyretogenic Effects
Chapter 11 Parasympatholytic Agents
I. Mydriasis
II. Antisialagogue Activity
III. Prevention of Intestinal Spasm
IV. Lacrimation
V. Tests in VItro
VI. Gastrointestinal Propulsion
Chapter 12 Sympatholytic Agents
I. Introduction
II. Epinephrine Antagonism
III. Prolapse of the Nictitating Membrane
IV. Blood Pressure of the Rat; The ADC
V. Splenic Strip of the Cat
VI. The Two Kinds of Receptor
VII. The Perfused Rabbit Ear
Chapter 13 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
I. Introduction
II. Pedal Inflammation Induced by Chemical Agents
III. Implantation of A Pellet
IV. Granuloma Pouch
V. Erythema
VI. Tuberculin Sensitivity
VII. Inhibition of Ascites
VII.. Hyaluronidase Inhibition
IX. Pleural Fluid
X. Freund's Adjuvant
Chapter 14 Anticonvulsants
I. Introduction
II. Convulsions Induced by Chemicals
III. Convulsions Induced by Electroshock
IV. Combined Procedures
V. Tryptamine Potentiation and Antagonism
VI. Tremorine
VII. The Rapid Screening For Myorelaxant Agents
Chapter 15 Sympathomimetic Agents
I. Introduction
II. Mydriasis
III. The Uterus and Ascending Colon of the Rat
IV. The Rectal Cecum of the Hen
V. The Isolated Spleen of the Cat
Chapter 16 Central Stimulants
I. Introduction
II. Analeptic Agents
III. "Sandauswurf" (Displacement of Sand)
IV. Registration of Motor Activity
V. Runway Test
VI. Ptosis Test
VII. "Zwangsnagen" Induced by Apomorphine
VII. Intracerebral Test
IX. Ingestion of Food; Anoretic and Central Stimulant Activity
X. Duration of Anesthesia; Respiratory Analeptics
Chapter 17 Muscaring Agents
I. The Isolated Eye of Rodents
II. The Isolated Trachea of the Rat
Chapter 18 Ganglion-Blocking Agents
I. Introduction
II. Antagonism of Nicotine
III. The Inferior Eyelid of the Rat
IV. The Blood Pressure of the Upright Rabbit
Chapter 19 Antifibrillatory Agents
I. Introduction
II. Arrhythmia Induced by Acetylcholine and Potassium Deficiency
III. Arrhythmia Induced by Aconitine
IV. Arrhythmia Induced by Maximum Frequency
V. Ventricular Arrhythmia Induced by Calcium
Chapter 20 Cardiotonic Agents
I. The Papillary Muscle of the Cat
II. The Atrium of the Cat and the Rat
III. The Aortic Strip of the Rabbit
Chapter 21 Histamine-Like Agents
I. Perfusion of the Hind Quarters and the Lung
II. Perfusion of the Skin
Chapter 22 Antihistamine Agents
I. Introduction
II. Intravenous Toxicity
III. Histamine Aerosol
IV. Direct Antagonism to Histamine
V. Anaphylactic Microshock
VI. Other Methods
Chapter 23 Antitussive Agents
I. Cough Induced by Ammonia in the Cat
II. Cough Induced by Citric Acid in the Guinea Pig
III. Cough Induced by Sulfuric Acid in the Dog
Chapter 24 Antacid Agents
I. Ulceration and Acidity in the Shay Rat
II. Gastric Perfusion in the Rat
III. The Isolated Heal Segment
Chapter 25 Thyromimetic Agents
Chapter 26 Hypoglycemic Agents
Chapter 27 Choleretic Agents
Chapter 28 Antiparkinson Agents
Chapter 29 Anti-Inflammatory and Glucocorticoidal Agents
Chapter 30 Antiemetic Agents
Chapter 31 Bronchodilatant Agents
Chapter 32 Curariform Agents
I. Paralysis of Intact Animals
II. The Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm of the Rat
III. The Biventer Cervicis of the Chicken
Chapter 33 Anabolic, Androgenic, and Antiandrogenic Agents
Chapter 34 Potentiators and Antagonists of Tryptamine
Chapter 35 Vasopressive Peptides
Chapter 36 Diuretic and Natriuretic Agents
Chapter 37 Anticholinestehase Agents
Chapter 38 Anticholesterol Agents
Chapter 39 Uricosuric Agents
Chapter 40 Antishock Agents
Chapter 41 Hemostatic Agents
Chapter 42 Local and Spinal Anesthetics
Chapter 43 Abortifacient Agents
Chapter 44 Thymoleptic Agents
I. Introduction
II. Qualitative Screening Methods
III. Amine Depletion in the Central Nervous System
IV. Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase
V. Rats Having Septal Lesions
Chapter 45 Dermal Irritants
Chapter 46 Teratogenic Agents
Appendix
I. A Summary of Often Used Formulas in Statistics
II. An Approximate Formula for Statistical Significance
III. Statistical Analysis of Responses in Groups of Animals: Salivation in Rabbits
IV. Four-Point Assay of Substances Causing Tachyphylaxis
V. Right-Left Assay
VI. The Composition of Solutions Used for the Bathing of Tissues
VII. Formulas for Use in the Injection of Animals
VIII. An Antipyretic Test
IX. A Test for Dermal Absorption
X. Tests for Hepatotoxicity
XI. Serum Cholesterol
XII. Anesthetics for Laboratory Animals
XIII. Acute Toxicity: The Determination of the LD50
XIV. A Test for the Normal Distribution of a Set of Numbers
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 348
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1965
- Published: January 1, 1965
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9781483261607
About the Author
Robert A. Turner
Dr. Robert Turner is currently the owner and CEO of Network Neurology in Charleston SC. He is also Associate Clinical Professor of Neurosciences at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, as well as an Associate Researcher with the MIND Research Institute in Irvine CA. Dr Turner maintains a full-time clinical, teaching, and neurophysiology practice with patients throughout the southeastern region of the United States. While continuing full time work at MUSC since 1997, he obtained a Master’s degree in clinical research (epidemiology & biostatistics) in 2003 in the MUSC College of Graduate Studies, and has since then been actively involved in ongoing clinical research with collaborative studies in non-invasive neurostimulation and neuromodulation techniques as well as advanced techniques of EEG source analysis. Current research involves collaborating with colleagues in Charleston, Cape Town, South Africa, Mexico City, Bejing, and with several academic practices throughout the United States.
Dr Turner began as a music and foreign language major in college, changing over to pre-medicine in his 3rd year. During medical school, he also pursued Master’s training in Piano Performance at the University of Nebraska at Omaha Graduate School. After Medical School, his postgraduate training consisted of internship/residency in Pediatrics followed by two fellowships, one in Adult/Child Neurology, and the second in Clinical Neurophysiology/EMG/Neuromuscular Disorders, and his current clinical/research emphases are pediatric epilepsy/epileptogenesis, the non-linear effects of auditory and music stimulation on the brain, as well as neuromodulation techniques. He continues to pursue his love of music, and is an accomplished classical pianist. He has received numerous awards and honors in Charleston over the past 16 years, including multiple Faculty Excellence Awards for teaching, AREA Awards for excellence in ambulatory care, Golde Apple Nominations and Awards, and double honors in humanism with the AAMC Humanism in Medicine Award and the Leonard Tow Humanism in Medicine Award
Dr. Turner is multiply Board-Certificated by the National Board of Medical Examiners, became a certified member of the American Society of Neurorehabilitation in 1992, and has eight medical specialty boards certifications:
1. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology With Special Qualification in Child Neurology,
2. American Board of Pediatrics,
3. American Board of Electrodiagnostic Medicine,
4. American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology,
5. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology With Added Qualification in Clinical Neurophysiology,
6. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology With Added Qualification in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities ,
7. Quantitative Electroencephalograpy (QEEG) Certification Board, and
8. American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology With Added Qualification in Epilepsy.
Affiliations and Expertise
Owner and CEO, Network Neurology, Charleston SC, USA
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