Ruminant Ophthalmology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

1st Edition, Volume 37-2 - June 5, 2021
Editor: Annette M. O’Connor
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 1 3 1 5 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 1 3 1 6 - 7

This issue of the Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice focuses on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). IBK is the most important ocular disease of cat… Read more

Ruminant Ophthalmology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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This issue of the Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice focuses on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). IBK is the most important ocular disease of cattle because of its impact on animal health, animal well-being, the antibiotic usage treatment required, and its effect on production. Top experts address Defining and Diagnosing Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis, Applying Concepts of Causal Inference, The Role of Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology, and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
Defining and Diagnosing Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Definition of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Diagnosis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Clinical subclassification and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis scores
Summary
Clinics care points
Bovine Immune Responses to Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi Following Vaccination and Natural or Experimental Infections
Key points
Introduction
Overview of bovine ocular immune responses
Immune responses to Moraxella antigens
Evidence for protective immune responses to Moraxella antigens
Evidence for harmful immune responses to Moraxella antigens
Summary
Clinics care points
Applying Concepts of Causal Inference to Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Causal frameworks
Bradford Hill viewpoints applied to Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Summary
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis - The Role of Moraxella Species in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Moraxella bovis- virulence factors
Moraxella bovis pili
Moraxella bovis other potential virulence factors
Studies on Moraxella bovis and causality
Moraxella bovis genomics
Moraxella bovoculi
Challenge models
Moraxella bovoculi and causality
Moraxella bovoculi genomics
Classification of Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi
Summary and future work
Clinics care points- diagnosis and establishment of Moraxella etiology in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Disclosure
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis—Non-Moraxella Organisms in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Virulence factors
Clinical disease
Immunity
Epidemiologic studies
Other mycoplasmas
Herpesviruses
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
The Role of Environmental Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Face flies
Ultraviolet light
Plant awns
Clinics care points
Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: The Role of Genetic Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Heritability estimates
Loci associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Summary
Evidence Base for Treatment of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Background
North American registered antibiotic treatments for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Other treatments for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Developing an evidence base for treatments of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Clinical equipoise
What should the referent comparison be?
What should be the experimental comparator?
What is the alternative hypothesis?
Artificially induced disease or naturally occurring disease
Approach to allocation to treatment
What outcome to assess
Summary
The Evidence Base for Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis Through Vaccination
Key points
Introduction
Possible vaccine targets for Moraxella bovis
Local versus systemic immune responses
Prevention of Moraxella bovis infection of the cornea or elimination of the carrier status
The role of maternal antibodies and transfer of passive immunity
Efficacy of commercially available vaccines for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Efficacy of experimental vaccination
Failure of results from experimental vaccines to translate to commercial products
Quality assessment of vaccine trial study design
Outcome metrics for field trials
Summary
Clinics care points
A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Literature review
Biology of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Prevalence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Global estimate of prevalence
Global economic impact
Summary and implications
Clinics care points
Future Directions for Research in Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Key points
Introduction
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Economic impact
Prevention
Treatment
General principles
Summary

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Annette M. O’Connor