Radiologic Science for Technologists

Physics, Biology, and Protection

12th Edition - July 22, 2020
Author: Stewart C. Bushong
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 4 9 5 5 - 8
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 6 1 3 4 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 9 0 2 9 - 1

Develop the skills you need to produce diagnostic-quality medical images! Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 12th Edition provides a solid fou… Read more

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Develop the skills you need to produce diagnostic-quality medical images! Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 12th Edition provides a solid foundation in the concepts of medical imaging and digital radiography. Featuring hundreds of radiographs and illustrations, this comprehensive text helps you make informed decisions regarding technical factors, image quality, and radiation safety for both patients and providers. New to this edition are all-digital images and the latest radiation protection standards and units of measurement. Written by noted educator Stewart Carlyle Bushong, this text will prepare you for success on the ARRT® certification exam and in imaging practice.

Cover image
Title page
Disclaimer
Table of Contents
Review of Basic Physics
Useful Units in Radiology
Copyright
Dedication
This Book Is Also Dedicated to My Friends Here and Gone
Dedication for Kraig Emmert
Preface
PART I. RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS
Introduction
Chapter 1. Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science
Nature of our Surroundings
Matter and Energy
Sources of Ionizing Radiation
Discovery of X-Rays
Development of Medical Imaging
Reports of Radiation Injury
Basic Radiation Protection
Terminology for Radiologic Science
The Medical Imaging Team
Summary
Chapter 2. Basic Physics Primer
Mathematics for Radiologic Science
Standard Units of Measurement
Mechanics
Summary
Chapter 3. The Structure of Matter
Centuries of Discovery
Fundamental Particles
Atomic Structure
Atomic Nomenclature
Combinations of Atoms
Radioactivity
Types of Ionizing Radiation
Summary
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Energy
Photons
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Waves and Particles
Matter and Energy
Summary
Chapter 5. Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism
Electrostatics
Electrodynamics
Magnetism
Electromagnetism
Summary
PART II. X-RADIATION
Introduction
Chapter 6. The X-Ray Imaging System
Operating Console
Autotransformer
Exposure Timers
High-Voltage Generator
Summary
Chapter 7. The X-Ray Tube
External Components
Internal Components
X-Ray Tube Failure
Rating Charts
Summary
Chapter 8. X-Ray Production
Electron-Target Interctions
X-Ray Emission Spectrum
Factors Affecting the X-Ray Emission Spectrum
Summary
Chapter 9. X-Ray Emission
X-RAY Intensity
X-Ray Energy
Types of Filtration
Summary
Chapter 10. X-Ray Interaction With Matter
Five X-RAY Interactions
Differential Absorption
Contrast Examinations
Exponential Attenuation
Summary
PART III. THE MEDICAL IMAGE
Introduction
Chapter 11. Imaging Science
History of Computers
Computer Architecture
Applications to Medical Imaging
Summary
Chapter 12. Computed Radiography
The Computed Radiography Image Receptor
The Computed Radiography Reader
Imaging Characteristics
Patient Radiation Dose
Summary
Chapter 13. Digital Radiography
Scanned Projection Radiography
Charge-Coupled Device
Cesium Iodide/Charge-Coupled Device
Cesium Iodide/Amorphous Silicon
Amorphous Selenium
Summary
Chapter 14. Digital Radiographic Technique
Spatial Resolution
Contrast Resolution
Patient Radiation Dose Considerations
Summary
Chapter 15. Image Acquisition
Exposure Factors
Imaging System Characteristics
Automatic Exposure Techniques
Magnification Radiography
Summary
Chapter 16. Patient-Image Optimization
Patient Factors
Image-Quality Factors
PART IV. MEDICAL IMAGE DISPLAY
Introduction
Chapter 17. Viewing the Medical Image
Photometric Quantities
Hard Copy–Soft Copy
Liquid Crystal Display
Light-Emitting Diode Display
Preprocessing the Digital Medical Image
Postprocessing the Digital Medical Image
Summary
Chapter 18. Picture Archiving and Communication System
Electronic Programs
PART V. MEDICAL IMAGE QUALITY
Introduction
Chapter 19. Image Perception
Special Demands of Digital Imaging
Interpretation
Summary
Chapter 20. Digital Display Device
Performance Assessment Standards
Luminance Meter
Digital Display Device Quality Control
Quality Control by the Radiologic Technologist
Summary
Chapter 21. Medical Image Descriptors
Definitions
Geometric Factors
Subject Factors
Tools for Improved Image Quality
Summary
Chapter 22. Scatter Radiation
Production of Scatter Radiation
Control of Scatter Radiation
Radiographic Grids
Grid Types
Grid Problems
Grid Selection
Summary
Chapter 23. Radiographic Artifacts
Image Receptor Artifacts
Software Artifacts
Object Artifacts
PART VI. ADVANCED MEDICAL IMAGING
Introduction
Chapter 24. Mammography
Soft Tissue Radiography
Basis for Mammography
The Mammographic Imaging System
Mammography Quality Control
Quality Control Team
Summary
Chapter 25. Fluoroscopy
An Overview
Special Demands of Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopic Technique
Image Intensification
Fluoroscopic Image Monitoring
Fluoroscopy Quality Control
Summary
Chapter 26. Interventional Radiology
Digital Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems
Image Receptor
Image Display
Types of Interventional Procedures
Basic Principles
Interventional Radiology Suite
Summary
Chapter 27. Computed Tomography
Principles of Operation
Generations of Computed Tomography
Multislice Helical Computed Tomography
Imaging System Design
Image Characteristics
Image Quality
Imaging Technique
Computed Tomography Quality Control
Summary
Chapter 28. Tomosynthesis
Digital Radiographic Tomosynthesis
X-Ray Source
Image Receptor
Image Reconstruction
Artifacts
Quality Control
Patient Radiation Dose
Summary
PART VII. RADIOBIOLOGY
Introduction
Chapter 29. Human Biology
Human Radiation Response
Composition of the Human Body
The Human Cell
Tissues and Organs
Summary
Chapter 30. Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology
Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
Physical Factors that Affect Radiosensitivity
Biologic Factors that Affect Radiosensitivity
Radiation Dose-Response Relationships
Summary
Chapter 31. Molecular Radiobiology
Irradiation of Macromolecules
Radiolysis of Water
Direct and Indirect Effects
Chapter 32. Cellular Radiobiology
Target Theory
Cell-Survival Kinetics
Cell-Cycle Effects
Radiation Effect Modification
Summary
Chapter 33. Deterministic Effects of Radiation
Acute Radiation Lethality
Local Tissue Damage
Hematologic Effects
Cytogenetic Effects
The Human Genome
Chapter 34. Stochastic Effects of Radiation
Local Tissue Effects
Life Shortening
Risk Estimates
Radiation-Induced Malignancy
Total Risk of Malignancy
Radiation and Pregnancy
PART VIII. RADIATION PROTECTION
Introduction
Chapter 35. Health Physics
Radiation and Health
Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection
Effective Dose
Radiologic Terrorism
Chapter 36. Designing for Radiation Protection
Radiographic Protection Features
Fluoroscopic Protection Features
Design of Protective Barriers
Radiation Detection and Measurement
Chapter 37. Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose
Patient Radiation Dose Descriptions
Fluoroscopic Patient Radiation Dose
Dose Area Product
Effective Dose
Chapter 38. Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose
Computed Tomography Dose Delivery
Computed Tomography Dose Index
Dose Length Product
Size-Specific Dose Estimates
Effective Dose
Chapter 39. Patient Radiation Dose Management
Patient Radiation Dose in Special Examinations
Reduction of Unnecessary Patient Radiation Dose
Specific Area Shielding
The Pregnant Patient
Patient Radiation Dose Trends
Chapter 40. Occupational Radiation Dose Management
Occupational Radiation Exposure
Radiation Dose Limits
Reduction of Occupational Radiation Exposure
Glossary
Index
Conversion Tables
IFC

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Stewart C. Bushong