Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography

9th Edition - March 11, 2021
Authors: Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer, Paula J. Visconti, E. Russell Ritenour, Kelli Welch Haynes
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 5 0 3 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 5 0 4 - 7

Master the basic principles and techniques of radiation safety! Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition makes it easy to understand both basic and complex c… Read more

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Master the basic principles and techniques of radiation safety! Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition makes it easy to understand both basic and complex concepts in radiation protection, radiobiology, and radiation physics. Concise, full-color coverage discusses the safe use of ionizing radiation in all imaging modalities, including the effects of radiation on humans at the cellular and systemic levels, regulatory and advisory limits for exposure to radiation, and the implementation of radiation safety practices for patients and personnel. From a team of authors led by radiologic technology educator Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer, this text also prepares you for success on the ARRT certification exam and state licensing exams.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Dedication
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
About the authors
Acknowledgments
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
1. Introduction to radiation protection
Team concept in the medical field
Control of radiant energy
Goals of radiation protection
Concept of radiation protection
Justification and responsibility for imaging procedures: Benefit verses risk
As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle
Patient protection and patient education
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
2. Radiation: Types, sources, and doses received
Radiation
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
3. Interaction of x-radiation with matter
Significance of x-ray absorption in biologic tissue
X-ray beam production and energy
Attenuation
Probability of photon interaction with matter
Processes of interaction
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
4. Radiation quantities and units
Historical evolution of radiation quantities and units
Radiation quantities and their SI units of measure
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
5. Radiation monitoring
Personnel monitoring
Personnel dosimeters for occupational monitoring
Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring
Instruments used to measure x-ray exposure
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
6. Overview of cell biology
The cell
Cell chemical composition
Cell structure
Cell division
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
7. Molecular and cellular radiation biology
Ionizing radiation
Radiation energy transfer determinants
Molecular effects of irradiation
Effects of irradiation on the entire cell
Survival curves for mammalian cells
Cell radiosensitivity
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
8. Early tissue reactions and their effects on organ systems
Somatic and genetic effects
Somatic effects
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
9. Stochastic effects and late tissue reactions of radiation in organ systems
Epidemiology
Carcinogenesis
Radiation dose–response relationship
Somatic effects
Genetic (hereditary) effects
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
10. Dose limits for exposure to ionizing radiation
Basis of effective dose limiting system
Radiation protection standards organizations
US regulatory agencies
Radiation safety program
Radiation for health and safety act of 1968
ALARA concept
Food and drug administration white paper
Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981
Radiation-induced responses of concern in radiation protection
Current radiation protection philosophy
Basis for the effective dose limiting system
Current national council on radiation protection and measurements recommendations
Action limits
Radiation hormesis
Occupational and nonoccupational dose limits
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
11. Equipment design for radiation protection
Radiation safety features of radiographic equipment, devices, and accessories
Automatic exposure control (AEC) and phototiming
General information and radiation safety features of digital imaging equipment and accessories
Radiation safety features of fluoroscopic equipment, devices, and accessories
Radiation safety features of digital fluoroscopic equipment
Radiation safety for high-level control interventional procedures
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
12. Management of patient radiation dose during x-ray procedures
Effective communication
Immobilization
Protective shielding
Technical exposure factors
Postprocessing of the radiographic image
Air gap technique
Repeat images
Concern about risk of exposure during diagnostic imaging procedures
Protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient
Pediatric considerations during radiographic imaging
Image gently campaign
Image wisely campaign
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, or DXA scan)
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
13. Special considerations on safety in computed tomography
Patient dose in computed tomography
Methods for reduction of patient dose in CT
Computed tomography dose parameters
Effective computed tomography dose
Multidetector computed tomography scanning (MDCT)
Computed tomography cardiovascular imaging (CT CVI)
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
14. X-ray breast imaging: Methods and radiation safety aspects
Mammography and breast compression
Digital breast tomosynthesis/3D mammography
Radiation dosage
DBT summary
Summary
Discussion questions
Review questions
15. Management of imaging personnel radiation dose during diagnostic x-ray procedures
Annual limit for occupationally exposed personnel
Alara concept
Dose-reduction methods and techniques
Protection for pregnant personnel
Basic principles of radiation protection for personnel exposure reduction
X-ray tube housing cables
Protection during fluoroscopic procedures
Protection during mobile x-ray examinations
Protection during C-arm fluoroscopy
Protection during high-level control interventional procedures
Diagnostic x-ray suite protection design
Radiation caution signs
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
16. Radioisotopes and radiation protection
Medical usage
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)
Radiation emergencies: Use of radiation as a terrorist weapon
Summary
General discussion questions
Review questions
Appendix A: Relationships between systems of units
Appendix B: Image gently pledge and image wisely pledge
Appendix C: Standard designations for metric system lengths electron volt energy levels and frequency spectrum ranges
Appendix D: Periodic table of elements
Appendix E: Relationship among photons electromagnetic waves wavelength and energy
Appendix F: Electron shell structure of the atom
Appendix G: Compton interaction
Appendix H: NCRP 10CFR Part 3550 training for radiation safety officer and associate radiation safety officer
Appendix I: Consumer Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
References
Glossary
Index

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Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer

Paula J. Visconti

E. Russell Ritenour

Kelli Welch Haynes