Polar Covalence

Polar Covalence provides a detailed account of a successful approach to understanding chemistry from knowledge of atomic structure and the properties that result from this structure. This book discusses the nature of multiple bonds.

Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the interrelationships of various basic atomic properties. This text then describes chemical bonding, which can only occur when the nuclei of both atoms can attract the same electrons. Other chapters consider the bond energy of multiple bonds, which can be determined by calculating the energy in the usual way as though the bonds were single but of the experimental length. This book discusses as well the reduction of the lone pair bond weakening effect through the formation of multiple bonds. The final chapter deals with the relative roles of principles and practice in the teaching of inorganic and general chemistry.

This book is a valuable resource for chemists and students.

Preface

1. Chemical Bonding: A General Discussion

Nonpolar Covalence

Metallic Bonding

Polar Covalence and "Ionic" Bonding

Summary

2. Atomic Properties and Homonuclear Bonding

Effective Nuclear Charge

Atomic Radius

Electronegativity

Homonuclear Bond Energy

Evaluation of Electronegativity

The Lone Pair Bond Weakening Effect

Atomization Energies of the Elements

More Meaningful Thermochemistry

3. The Theory of Polar Covalence

Nonpolar Covalent Energy

Ionic Energy

Polar Covalent Energy

4. Multiple Bonds

Multiplicity Factors

Gaseous Diatomic Oxides

Sulfides

Other Compounds

The Burning of Carbon

Why Is Silicon Dioxide Solid?

Nitrogen Oxides

Sulfur Oxides

5. More About the Lone Pair Bond Weakening Effect on Single Bonds

The Origin of LPBWE

Occurrence of LPBWE

Summary

6. Bonds and Bond Energies in Hydrocarbons

Normal Alkanes

Alkane Isomers

Cycloalkanes

Benzene Hydrocarbons

Alkenes

Alkynes

Other Hydrocarbons

7. Some Organic Halides

General Procedure

Fluorides

Chlorides

Bromides

Iodides

Acyl Halides

8. Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Alcohols

Phenols

Ethers

Aldehydes

Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Esters

Discussion

9. Organic Compounds Containing Sulfur

Mercaptans—Thiols

Sulfides

Sulfoxides

Sulfones

Sulfites and Sulfates

10. Some Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Nitriles

Amines

Amides

Nitro Compounds and Nitrates

Summary of Organic Applications

11. Bond Energies in Organometallic Compounds

12. Bond Dissociation and the Reorganizational Energies of Free Radicals

13. Bond Dissociation in Inorganic Molecules

Halides and Subhalides

Transitional Metal Halides

Oxides as Oxidizing Agents

Halogenation by Halides

14. Bond Energy in Nonmolecular Solids

The Ionic Model

The Coordinated Polymeric Model

Nonmolecular Solids with Less Polar Bonds

Molecular Addition Compounds

15. The Significance of Partial Charge in Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

Partial Charge from Experimental Data

The Radii of Combined Atoms

Partial Charges on Polyatomic Ions

Physical and Chemical Relationships to Partial Charge

Functionality

16. Periodicity and Partial Charge

Binary Oxides

Halides

Binary Compounds of Hydrogen

Ionization of Water

Strengths of Oxyacids

Visualization with the Help of Models

A. General References

B. References to the Author's Previous Work

C. References to Chemical Bonds and Bond Energy

Index