Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes V1

1st Edition - January 28, 1982
Editor: Mark Mount
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 6 0 4 - 3

Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, Volume 1, provides an understanding of the diversity and complexity of diseases caused by phytopathogenic prokaryotes. It is part of a two-volume… Read more

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Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, Volume 1, provides an understanding of the diversity and complexity of diseases caused by phytopathogenic prokaryotes. It is part of a two-volume treatise that summarizes current research on these organisms. The book is organized into four parts. Part I covers the physical nature of prokaryotic phytopathogens as well as how they are presently classified, the limitation of this artificial classification, and the biology of the pathogen's invasion of plants. Part II presents conceptual hypotheses for the formation of the agricorpus (pathogen/host complex as a biological unit) and how this association may be detrimental or beneficial to both members of the unit. Other topics include the basic determinant of evolutionary change (the gene), and the evolution of vectors for dispersal of pathogens. Part III elaborates on the interaction at the plant/environment/pathogen interface (the plant surface). It presents information on the interaction of prokaryotes in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, and how this interaction developed. Part IV shows how prokaryotes affect their hosts once infection has been established. This information is presented in sequence progressing from the disease-causing mechanisms of the facultative endophytic pathogens to those of the obligate endophytic pathogens.

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume 2

Part I Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes

Chapter 1 Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes: An Overview

I. Introduction

II. Diseases Caused by Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes

III. Characteristics of Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes

IV. Research Areas

V. Summary

References

Chapter 2 How Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes Are Classified

I. Introduction

II. Systematic Classification

III. The Position of "Pathogenicity" in Classification

IV. The List of Approved Names

V. DNA-DNA Homology

VI. Protein Homology

VII. Nutritional Homology

VIII. Summary

References

Chapter 3 The Infection Process

I. Introduction

II. Migration to the Host

III. Recognition and Contact

IV. Predisposing Environmental Factors

V. Natural Openings

VI. Wounds

VII. Establishment

References

Part II Concepts for Plant Interactions with Prokaryotes

Chapter 4 Rationale for Pathogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Rationale for Occurrence of Pathogens

III. Rationale for Coevolution

IV. Rationale for Genetic Accommodations

V. Economic Rationale

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 5 The Evolution of Pathogenesis and Race Specificity

I. Introduction

II. Basic Terminology

III. Genetic Organization and Evolutionary Mechanisms

IV. Factors Affecting Race Specificity and Pathogenesis

V. New Genetic Mechanisms for Variation

VI. Prospectus

References

Chapter 6 Evolution of the Insect Vector Relationship

I. Introduction

II. Vector Transmission as an Adaptation of Parasitism

III. Vector-Pathogen Interactions

IV. Parasitic Fitness and Selection

V. Conclusions

References

Part III Prokaryote Interactions on Plant Surfaces

Chapter 7 Plant Surfaces and Bacterial Growth: The Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane

I. Introduction

II. The Physical Environment at Plant Surfaces

III. The Chemical Environment at Plant Surfaces

IV. Future Work

References

Chapter 8 Role of Root-Colonizing Bacteria in Plant Growth

I. Introduction

II. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

III. Root-Colonizing Bacteria in Plant Health and Disease: Potpourri

IV. Influence of Soil Physical Factors

V. Future Directions-The Need for Techniques

References

Chapter 9 Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: Colonization of the Rhizosphere and Roots

I. Introduction

II. The Rhizosphere

III. Specificity of Infection or Association

IV. Competition of Rhizobium Strains for Nodulation

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 10 Soft-Rotting Bacteria in the Rhizosphere

I. Introduction

II. Identification of Subspecies and Strains of Erwinia carotovora

III. Occurrence of Erwinia carotovora in Fallow Soils

IV. Occurrence of Erwinia carotovora in Plant Rhizospheres

V. Significance of Soil and Rhizosphere Populations of Erwinia carotovora

VI. Factors Affecting the Isolation of Erwinia carotovora from Fallow and Rhizosphere Soils

VII. Factors Affecting Populations of Erwinia carotovora in Rhizosphere Soils

VIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Clostridia and Plant Disease: New Pathogens?

I. Introduction

II. Clostridia in Relation to Bacterial Soft Rot of Potato Tubers

III. Clostridia in Relation to Cavity Spot of Carrots

IV. Clostridia in Relation to Internal Wetwood in Trees

V. Requirements for Future Work on Clostridia Associated with Plants

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 12 Survival of Phytopathogenic Bacteria in Soil

I. Introduction

II. Synecology of Bacterial Plant Pathogens

III. Factors Affecting Survival in Soil

IV. Control Strategies for Soil-Borne Phytopathogenic Bacteria

V. Techniques for the Study of Soil Bacteria

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 13 Phylloplane Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Nature of Epiphytic Populations on Leaves

III. Distribution of Epiphytic Populations

IV. Epiphytic Bacteria and Effects on the Plant

V. Interactions between Bacteria

VI. Interactions between Bacteria and Fungi

VII. Prospects for Biological Control on Aerial Plant Surfaces

References

Chapter 14 Epiphytic Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Ecological Role of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria

III. Future Directions of Research Involving Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria

IV. Conclusions

References

Part IV Prokaryote Interactions within the Plant

Chapter 15 Altered Metabolism - Response to Infection

I. Introduction

II. Photosynthesis

III. Dark Respiration

IV. Effect of Disease on Nitrogen Metabolism

V. Secondary Metabolism

VI. A Glimpse into the Future

References

Chapter 16 Pectate Lyase Regulation and Bacterial Soft-Rot Pathogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Regulation in Envinia chrysanthemi

III. Regulation in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora

IV. Regulation in Other Bacteria

V. Regulation in Planta

VI. Conclusions and Prospects

References

Chapter 17 Toxins and Pathogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Definition and Scope

III. Role in Pathogenesis

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 18 Plant Pathogens That Engineer Their Hosts

I. Introduction

II. Opine Concept

III. Inception of the Crown Gall Cell

IV. The Octopine Family of Opines

V. The Nopaline Family of Opines

VI. The Agropine Family of Opines

VII. The Agrocinopine Family of Opines

VIII. Bacterial Enzymes for Utilization of Opines

IX. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 19 Wilts: Concepts and Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Physical Environment

III. Entry into the Plant

IV. Nutrient Availability within Vessels

V. Symptom Induction

VI. Summary

References

Chapter 20 Chronic and Insidious Disease: The Fastidious Vascular Pathogens

I. Introduction

II. The Plant Vascular System and Insect Habitats

III. Xylem Inhabitors

IV. Phloem Inhabitors

V. Summary

References

Chapter 21 Pathogenicity of Spiroplasmas, Mycoplasmalike Organisms, and Vascular-Limited Fastidious Walled Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Spiroplasmas

III. Mycoplasmalike Organisms (MLO)

IV. Phloem-Limited Fastidious Walled Bacteria

V. Xylem-Limited Fastidious Walled Bacteria

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Index