Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets

4th Edition - April 2, 2021
Editors: Bryan J. O'Young, Mark A. Young, Steven A. Stiens, Sam S. H. Wu
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 8 1 8 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 8 1 8 6 - 5

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students, academics, and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engag… Read more

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets

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For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students, academics, and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets, 4th Edition, offers practical, up-to-date coverage of the full range of essential topics in this dynamic field. This highly regarded resource features the Secrets’ popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, weblinks, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style – making an inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Dedication
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Preamble to the Fourth Edition of PM&R Secrets: “Answering the Call”
Introduction: PM&R education in the social media age
Foreword
The Top Secrets: PM&R’s 100 Fundamental Principles
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Part I. Fundamentals of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Section 1. The Interdisciplinary Team: Origins, Interactions, and Scope of Interventions
1. What is physiatry?
Acknowledgments
Websites
Bibliography
2. The physiatric consultation: Acute treatment, immediate rehabilitation, future enablement, and system designs
Acknowledgment
Bibliography
Section 2. Scientific Foundations of Physiatric Care
3. Anatomy and kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system
Bibliography
4. Nervous system anatomy: Central and peripheral
Central nervous system
Cerebrum
Bonus online questions and answers
Cerebral circulation
Cerebrospinal fluid
Websites
Recommended readings
5. Neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience: From membranes to functional brain networks
Bonus online questions and answers
Recommended Websites 
Bibliography
Section 3. Learning in Rehabilitation
6. Educating learners in PM&R: The value of longitudinal learning
Bibliography
Part II. The Rehabilitation Assessment
Section 4. Physical and Psychological Evaluation: Recognizing Strengths and Resilience
7. Communication strategies for rehabilitation professionals: Empowerment medicine catalyzes personal potential actualization
Dedication
Bibliography
8. Environment as personal habitat: Ecology of function and participation from interior body to the metaverse
Websites
Ramps
Accessible house design and universal design
Bathrooms
Kitchens
Home automation
Ceiling lifts and elevators
Assessment tools
Recommended readings
Bibliography
9. Psychological methods through rehabilitation: Theory, assessment, and intervention
Books
Bibliography
10. Neuromusculoskeletal evaluation of the rehabilitation patient: Integrating different pieces of the puzzle to localize lesion, assess function, and plan therapy
Cranial nerve evaluation
Motor examination
Range of motion
Manual muscle testing (MMT)
Sensory evaluation
Sensory and motor anatomic landmark
Cerebellar assessment
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
Next step references
11. Gait: A clinical and biomechanical overview
Websites
Bibliography
Part III. Electro-Physiological Assessment
Section 5. Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Neuromuscular Conditions
12. Basic electrodiagnosis: Interpretation of electrical manifestations of neuromuscular disorders
Websites
Bibliography
13. Radiculopathies: Clinical manifestations, differential diagnoses, electrodiagnostic approach, and management
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
14. Peripheral neuropathy: Diagnosis, prevention, and rehabilitation
Bonus online questions and answers
Patient assessment and treatment
Books
Bibliography
15. Neuromuscular junction disorders: Physiology, clinical manifestations, and electrodiagnosis
Bibliography
Websites
Part IV. Management
Section 6. Coordination of Person-Centered Transdisciplinary Care
16. Person-centered rehabilitation: Interdisciplinary context-specific treatment requires component customization
Website
Bibliography
Section 7. Therapeutic Modalities
17. Manual medicine: Philosophy, assessment, and manipulative techniques
Bibliography
18. Traction, manipulation, and massage: Selection application and outcome
Websites
Books
Bibliography
19. Exercise
Books
Next step references
20. Physical modalities: Therapeutic agents in the clinic
Important facts about physical agents
Heat and cold
21. Electrotherapy: Medical treatments using electricity
References
22. Nutrition and diet in rehabilitation: Optimizing outcomes
Recommended readings
23. Medication therapy management to achieve enablement: Recognizing indications and targeting outcomes
Medication safety
Recommended readings
24. Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine: Incorporating diverse approaches to maximize physical medicine and rehabilitation outcomes
Collaborative medicine
Bonus online questions and answers
References
Websites
25. Regeneration and rehabilitation medicine: Innovation through synergy
Websites
Bibliography
Section 8. Interventional Procedures
26. Fundamentals of medical acupuncture: Scientific foundation and clinical applications
Websites
Bibliography
27. Peripheral injections: Medications, joints, bursae, tendon sheaths/insertions, and applications of botulinum toxin
Injection medications: Anesthetics
Injection medications: Steroids
Injection techniques
Joints
Bursae
Tendons/enthesopathies
Treatment of muscle overactivity with botulinum toxin
Joint
Bursa
Bibliography
28. Physiatric image-guided spine interventions: Aggressively treating those patients we can improve
Bonus online questions and answers
References
Websites
Section 9. Impairment and Activity Limitation Focused Interventions
29. Rehabilitation of patients with severe visual or hearing impairments: Innovations for person-centered function
Bonus online questions and answers
Rehabilitation of patients with severe visual or hearing impairments: Innovations for person-centered function
References 
References
30. Assessing and treating speech and language impairments: Joining the conversation
Bibliography
31. Recognition, assessment, and treatment of swallowing impairments: Engulfing transdisciplinary solutions
Bibliography
32. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction: Evaluation and adaptive management
Bibliography
33. Neurogenic bladder
References
34. Sexuality despite disability: Intimate and reproductive solutions
Further reading
35. Lower limb orthosis
Bibliography
36. Upper limb orthosis
Bibliography
37. Spinal orthoses: Principles, designs, indications, and limitations
Bibliography
38. Amputation rehabilitation: Risk, physiatric approach, and lower extremity principles
39. Wheelchair provision: A person-centered interdisciplinary process
Bibliography
Part V. Patient Populations
Section 10. Musculoskeletal
40. Soft tissue and musculoskeletal injury: Diagnosis and rehabilitation
Bibliography
Websites
41. Myopathy: Diagnosis and rehabilitation
Bonus online questions and answers
Websites
Recommended readings
42. Osteoporosis: Diagnosis, medical management, and rehabilitation
References
43. Fall, fracture, and joint replacement rehabilitation: Synchronizing independent preventive strategies to reequilibrate patient function
Bibliography
44. The hip: Anatomy, examination, diagnoses, imaging, treatment, and rehabilitation
References
45. The shoulder: Anatomy, pathology, and diagnosis
Anatomy and biomechanics
Clinical presentation
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Acknowledgement
46. The elbow: Anatomy, pathology, and management
Elbow anatomy and biomechanics
Anterior elbow
Lateral elbow
Medial elbow
Posterior elbow
Nerve pathology
Elbow trauma
Bonus online questions and answers
Recommended readings
Websites
47. The knee: Anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and rehabilitation
Anterior knee
Medial knee
Lateral knee
Posterior knee
Intraarticular
Meniscal tears
Osteoarthritis
Acknowledgment
Bonus online questions and answers
Websites
Recommended readings
48. The foot and ankle: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
49. The hand and wrist: Top 25 questions that you were afraid to ask
50. Low back pain: Clinical, diagnostic, and management pearls
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
Websites
Patient education and self-help resources
51. Neck pain: Anatomy, pathophysiology, and diagnosis
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
Section 11. Neurological Rehabilitation
52. Emerging mechanisms and methods for neurorehabilitation: Theory and application
Acknowledgement
53. Motor neuron disease: Diagnosis and proactive rehabilitation
Bibliography
Works referenced (online-only content)
54. Spinal cord injury medicine: Translating systems adaptations into personal visions
Bonus online questions and answers
Movement and flexibility
Cardiovascular stability
Complications
Women’s spinal cord injury medicine
Websites
Bibliography
55. Multiple sclerosis: Clinical patterns, symptom management, and rehabilitation
Websites
56. Movement disorders: Fundamentals of classification and treatment
References
Websites
57. Cerebrovascular disease
Bonus online questions and answers
References
References 
58. Traumatic brain injury: Etiology, pathophysiology, and complications
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography 
Bibliography
Section 12. Other Organ Based Rehabilitation
59. Cardiac rehabilitation: Lifestyle, exercise & risk factors modification
Websites
60. Peripheral vascular disease and lymphedema; localization and intervention
Bibliography
61. Pulmonary rehabilitation: Improving dyspnea, endurance and wellbeing
Ventilatory impairment (CO2 retention)
Obstructive diseases (oxygenation impairment)
Bonus online questions and answers
Ventilatory impairment (CO2 retention)
Obstructive diseases (oxygenation impairment)
Books
Books
62. Cancer rehabilitation: Focus on functional quality of life in the oncologic population
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
63. Rheumatic disorders
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
64. Pressure injuries (pressure ulcers): Etiology, prevention, assessment, and treatment
Bibliography
65. Burn rehabilitation: Guidance of healing and optimal participation
Bibliography
66. Organ transplantation: Medical and rehabilitation management
Introduction
General medical management of organ transplant patients
Medical management of liver/kidney transplant
Rehabilitation management of liver/kidney transplants
Medical management of heart and lung transplant
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
Section 13. Chronic Pain
67. Chronic pain: Assessment and interdisciplinary intervention
Bonus online questions and answers
Bibliography
68. Central pain: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment—a challenging diagnosis
Bibliography
69. Spinal segmental sensitization: Diagnosis and management
References
70. Central and peripheral manifestations of myofascial pain syndromes and fibromyalgia: Diagnosis patterns and diverse interventions
Myofascial pain syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Websites
Books
Bibliography
Course
71. Peripheral neuropathic pain: Classifications, mechanisms, and treatments
This subtype does not encompass entrapment neuropathies.
Bibliography
72. Complex regional pain syndrome: Diagnosis and management
Clinical presentation and diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome
Pathophysiology
Management
Bibliography
Section 14. Lifetime Development with Optimal Function
73. Pediatric rehabilitation: Maximizing potentials one step at a time
References
74. Development: The head-to-toe continuum and life course
Books 
Bibliography
75. Neural tube defects: Pathology, complications, and rehabilitation
Websites
Bibliography
76. Cerebral palsy
Bibliography
77. Spinal deformity: Recognition and intervention
Degenerative scoliosis: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Myelopathy versus radiculopathy—
Bibliography
Websites
78. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Children can get arthritis too
Recommended readings
79. Geriatric rehabilitation: Maintaining resilience, sustaining passions, and cultivating vibrancy
Bonus online questions and answers
Further reading
Section 15. Person Centered Life Role: Work and Play
80. Physiatric sports medicine: Functional diagnosis, focal interventions, and rehabilitation for prevention
Bibliography
81. Vocational rehabilitation and personhood: A physiatrist’s vital calling
Further reading
Texts
Websites
82. Impairment and disability rating: Estimation of work capacity
Bibliography
References
83. Performing arts rehabilitation: Harmonic performer orchestrations
Websites
Books
Bibliography
Section 16. Community Participation of People with Disabilities
84. Health policy, legislation, and reimbursement: Important facets of physiatric practice
Bibliography
85. International physical medicine and rehabilitation: Global synergy and collaboration to maximize rehabilitation potential
Bonus online questions and answers
UN Liaison Committee
WHO Liaison Committee
Education Committee
International Exchange Committee
Disaster Rehabilitation Committee
Bibliography
Section 17. Past, Present, and Future of Rehabilitation
86. Epilogue: The past, present, and future of physical medicine and rehabilitation
The past
The present
The future
References
Part VI. Online Chapters
Section 18. Emerging Topics
E87. Learning and practicing physical medicine and rehabilitation: Clinician centered methodologies
Learning
Learning physiatry
Sustained interactive strategies: Mentorship
Psychology of learning
Learning in the twenty-first century
Self-directed learning plans
Websites
Bibliography
Books
E88. Genomic prediction in populations: Advancing PM&R practice
Websites
References
E89. Fascia: Anatomy, pathology, and rehabilitation
Anatomy
Pathology
Management/rehabilitation
Fascia and acupuncture
Bibliography
Video presentation
E90. Medicine through the lens of the autonomic nervous system: A thermographic approach
Bibliography: Autonomic nervous system chapter
Websites:
E91. Musculoskeletal ultrasound: Fundamental principles and case studies
Fundamental principles
Case studies
Bibliography
E92. Standardizing the measurements: Optimizing outcomes for clinical success
Mortality and morbidity rates
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS)
Relative value unit
Quality of life measures
References
Index

Bryan J. O'Young

MD, Medical Director, Department of International Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York

Affiliations and expertise

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, NY

Mark A. Young

Mark A. Young, MD, MBA, FACP, Chair, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Maryland Rehabilitation Center/The Workforce & Technology Center, State of Maryland, Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Education Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Affiliations and expertise

Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Maryland Rehabilitation Center, State of Maryland Department of Education; Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Faculty, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Steven A. Stiens

Steven A. Stiens, MD, Associate Professor, Director of Spinal Cord Medicine Clinical Fellowship, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Attending Physician, Spinal Cord Injury Unit, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University Hospital Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA

Sam S. H. Wu

Sam S. H. Wu, MD, MA, MPH, MBA, Professor and Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Chief of Service, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania