Photobiomodulation in the Brain

Photobiomodulation in the Brain: Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy in Neurology and Neuroscience presents the fundamentals of photobiomodulation and the diversity of applications in which light can be implemented in the brain. It will serve as a reference for future research in the area, providing the basic foundations readers need to understand photobiomodulation’s science-based evidence, practical applications and related adaptations to specific therapeutic interventions. The book covers the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation to the brain, and includes chapters describing the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been undertaken for diverse brain disorders, including traumatic events, degenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.

• Provides a much-needed reference on photobiomodulation with an unprecedented focus on the brain and its disorders
• Features a body of world-renowned editors and chapter authors that promote research, policy and funding
• Discusses the recent and rapid accumulation of literature in this area of research and the shift towards the use of non-invasive techniques in therapy

Neuroscientists/neurologists, gerontologists, psychiatrists

Part I: Basic considerations and in vitro
1. Photobiomodulation therapy and the brain: an innovative tool for therapy and discovery
Praveen R. Arany
2. Theoretical neuroscience
Marcelo Victor Pires de Sousa, Marucia Chacur, Daniel Oliveira Martins and Carlo Rondinoni
3. Photobiomodulation of cultured primary neurons: role of cytochrome c oxidase
Margaret Wong-Riley and Huan Ling Liang
4. Photobiomodulation on cultured cortical neurons
Ying-Ying Huang and Michael R. Hamblin
5. Safety and penetration of light into the brain
Erica B Wang, Ramanjot Kaur, Manuel Fierro, Evan Austin, Linda Ramball Jones and Jared Jagdeo
6. Near-infrared photonic energy penetration—principles and practice
Theodore A. Henderson and Larry D. Morries
7. Light sources and dosimetry for the brain and whole body
James D. Carroll
8. Mechanisms of photobiomodulation in the brain
Michael R. Hamblin

Part II: Studies in animal models
9. Transcranial photobiomodulation for stroke in animal models
Luis De Taboada and Michael R. Hamblin
10. Photobiomodulation in photothrombotic stroke
Lorelei Tucker, Luodan Yang, Yong Li and Quanguang Zhang
11. Remote photobiomodulation as a neuroprotective intervention—harnessing the indirect effects of photobiomodulation
Luke Gordon, Boaz Kim, Claudia Petrucco, Ji Yeon Kim, Patrick Benson, Jonathan Stone and Daniel M. Johnstone
12. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury in mouse models
Michael R. Hamblin
13. Photobiomodulation and mitochondria for traumatic brain injury in mouse models
Mei X. Wu and Michael R. Hamblin
14. Photobiomodulation for depression in animal models
Farzad Salehpour, Javad Mahmoudi, Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad and Paolo Cassano
15. Transcranial photobiomodulation treats Alzheimer’s disease in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice
Luis De Taboada and Michael R. Hamblin
16. Low-level laser therapy to the bone marrow: a new therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases
Amir Oron and Uri Oron
17. The experimental evidence for photobiomodulation-induced cellular and behavioral changes in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: a template for translation to patients
Nabil El Massri and John Mitrofanis
18. Effects of near-infrared low-level laser stimulation on neuronal excitability
Ljubica M. Konstantinovic and Sasa R. Filipovic
19. Photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis in animal models
M.A. Tolentino and J.A. Lyons
20. Hepatic encephalopathy and photobiomodulation: experimental models and clinical features
Natalia Arias, Juan Dıaz Gonza´lez, Alberto Martın Pernıa and Jorge L Arias
21. Photobiomodulation in animal models of retinal injury and disease
Janis T. Eells
22. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy for pain: animal models, dosimetry, mechanisms, perspectives
Marcelo Victor Pires de Sousa, Nathali Cordeiro Pinto and Elisabeth Mateus Yoshimura

Part III: Cinical studies
23. The challenge of effectively translating transcranial near-infrared laser therapy to treat acute ischemic stroke
Paul A. Lapchak
24. Effects of photobiomodulation on traumatic brain injury: proposed clinical assessment
Sherry Fox and Victoria Campbell
25. Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy for chronic traumatic brain injury and poststroke aphasia: clinical studies
Margaret A. Naeser, Paula I. Martin, Michael D. Ho, Maxine H. Krengel, Yelena Bogdanova, Jeffrey A. Knight, Andrea Fedoruk, Michael R. Hamblin and Bang-Bon Koo
26. Photobiomodulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury
Thomas J. Covey, David W. Shucard, Melissa Meynadasy, Thomas Mang and Praveen R. Arany
27. Advanced neuroimaging methods for assessment of low-level light therapy
Suk-tak Chan, Maria Gabriela Longo, Eva-Maria Ratai and Rajiv Gupta
28. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with near-infrared light
Larry D. Morries and Theodore A. Henderson
29. Photobiomodulation: a novel approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease
Lew Lim, Genane Loheswaran, Reza Zomorrodi, Anita Saltmarche and Linda Chao
30. Electroencephalography as the diagnostic adjunct to transcranial photobiomodulation
Reza Zomorrodi, Genane Loheswaran and Lew Lim
31. Can photobiomodulation enhance brain function in older adults?
Agnes S. Chan, Michael K. Yeung and Tsz L. Lee
32. Noninvasive neurotherapeutic treatment of neurodegeneration: integrating photobiomodulation and neurofeedback training
Marvin H. Berman, Trent Nichols, Jason Huang and Damir Nizamutdinov
33. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy: observations from four movement disorder patients
Catherine Hamilton, David Hamilton, Frank Nicklason and John Mitrofanis
34. Cerebral blood flow in the elderly: impact of photobiomodulation
Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado, Francisco Jose´ Cidral-Filho,
Daniel Fernandes Martins, Ivo I. Kerppers and Rodolfo Borges Parreira
35. Transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive and anxiety disorders and for posttraumatic stress disorder
Marco Antonio Caldieraro and Paolo Cassano
36. Action at a distance: laser acupuncture and the brain
Nicholas Alexander Wise
37. Signature wounds of war: a case study
George Louis Lindenfeld and George Rozelle
38. Transcatheter intracerebral photobiomodulation in degenerative brain disorders: clinical studies (Part 1)
Ivan V. Maksimovich
39. Transcatheter intracerebral photobiomodulation in ischemic brain disorders: clinical studies (Part 2)
Ivan V. Maksimovich
40. Russian low level laser therapy techniques for brain disorders
Sergey V. Moskvin and Andrey V. Kochetkov
41. Laser treatment of central nervous system injuries: an update and prospects
L. Longo
42. Photobiomodulation treatment for brain disorders: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia
Randy Lamartiniere, Rhett Bergeron, Ronald Aung-Din, Matthew Bennett, William Stephan and Louis Banas
43. What we don’t know and what the future holds
Michael R. Hamblin