Petroleum Rock Mechanics
1st Edition
Drilling Operations and Well Design
Description
Petroleum Rock Mechanics: Drilling Operations and Well Design covers the fundamentals of solid mechanics and petroleum rock mechanics and their application to oil and gas-related drilling operations and well design. More specifically, it examines the role of formation, strength of rock materials, and wellbore mechanics, along with the impact of in-situ stress changes on wellbore and borehole behavior. Practical examples with solutions and a comprehensive glossary of terminologies are provided. Equations are incorporated into well-known failure criteria to predict stresses and to analyze a range of failure scenarios throughout drilling, well operation, and well completion processes. The book also discusses stress and strain components, principal and deviatoric stresses and strains, materials behavior, the theories of elasticity and inelasticity, probabilistic analysis of stress data, the tensile and shear strength of rocks, wellbore stability, and fracture and collapse behavior for both single and multi-lateral wells. Both inexperienced university students and experienced engineers will find this book extremely useful.
Key Features
- Clearly applies rock mechanics to on and off shore oil and gas drilling
- Step by Step approach to the analyze wellbore instabilities
- Provides worked out examples with solutions to everyday problems
Readership
Reservoir Engineers, Production Engineer, Drilling Engineers, Exploration Geophysicists
Table of Contents
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the authors
List of symbols
Chapter 1. Stress/Strain Definitions and Components
1.1. General concept
1.2. Definition of stress
1.3. Stress components
1.4. Definition of strain
1.5. Strain components
Chapter 2. Stress and Strain Transformation
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Transformation principles
2.3. Two-dimensional stress transformation
2.4. Stress transformation in space
2.5. Tensor of stress components
2.6. Strain transformation in space
Chapter 3. Principal and Deviatoric Stresses and Strains
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Principal stresses
3.3. Average and deviatoric stresses
3.4. General interpretation of principal stresses
3.5. Two-dimensional stress analysis
3.6. Properties of strain
Chapter 4. Theory of Elasticity
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Materials behavior
4.3. Hooke's law
4.4. Hooke's law in shear
4.5. Analysis of structures
4.6. Theory of inelasticity
4.7. Constitutive relation for rocks
Chapter 5. Failure Criteria
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Failure criteria for rock materials
5.3. The von mises failure criterion
5.4. Mohr-coulomb failure criterion
5.5. The griffith failure criterion
5.6. Hoek-brown failure criterion
5.7. Druker-prager failure criterion
5.8. Mogi-coulomb failure criterion
Chapter 6. Introduction to Petroleum Rock Mechanics
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Definition and classification of rocks
6.3. Petroleum rock mechanics
6.4. Why study stress in rocks?
6.5. Units of measurement
Chapter 7. Porous Rocks and Effective Stresses
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Anisotropy and inhomogeneity
7.3. Anisotropic rocks, transversal isotropy
7.4. Porous rock
7.5. Formation pore pressure
7.6. Effective stress
7.7. Formation porosity and permeability
Chapter 8. In-Situ Stress
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Definitions
8.3. in-situ principal stresses
8.4. Measurement and estimation of in-situ stresses
8.5. Probabilistic analysis of stress data
8.6. Bounds on in-situ stresses
8.7. Stress directions from fracture traces
Chapter 9. Rock Strength and Rock Failure
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Strength of rock material
9.3. Empirical correlations
9.4. Formation fracture gradient
9.5. Laboratory testing of intact rocks
9.6. Rock tensile strength
9.7. Rock shear strength
Chapter 10. Stresses Around a Wellbore
10.1. Introduction
10.2. State of stresses around a wellbore
10.3. Properties of rock formation around a wellbore
10.4. Equations governing stress analysis
10.5. Analysis of stresses around a wellbore
10.6. Isotropic solution
10.7. Anisotropic solution
Chapter 11. Wellbore Instability Analysis
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Analysis procedure
11.3. Wellbore fracturing pressure
11.4. Wellbore collapse pressure
11.5. Instability analysis of multi-lateral boreholes
11.6. Instability analysis of adjacent boreholes
11.7. Instability analysis of underbalanced drilling
11.8. Shallow fracturing
11.9. General fracturing model
11.10. Compaction analysis for high-pressure, high-temperature reservoirs
11.11. Breakthrough of a relief well into a blowing well
11.12. Fracture model for load history and temperature
11.13. Effects of flow induced stresses
11.14. Sand production modeling
Chapter 12. Wellbore Instability Analysis Using Inversion Technique
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Definitions
12.3. The inversion technique
12.4. Geological aspects
12.5. Analysis constraints
12.6. Inversion from fracture data and image logs
Chapter 13. Wellbore Instability Analysis Using Quantitative Risk Assessment
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Deterministic analysis versus probabilistic assessment
13.3. Why probabilistic assessment?
13.4. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA)
13.5. Quantitative risk assessment of underbalanced drilling
Chapter 14. The Effect of Mud Losses on Wellbore Stability
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Mud losses during drilling
14.3. Interpretation of the leak-off tests
14.4. Future developments for wellbore stability
References
Appendix A. Mechanical Properties of Rocks
Appendix B. The Poisson's Ratio Effect
Appendix C. Model for the Stress Bridge
Appendix D. Glossary Of Terms
Index
Details
- No. of pages:
- 376
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © Gulf Professional Publishing 2012
- Published:
- 26th May 2011
- Imprint:
- Gulf Professional Publishing
- eBook ISBN:
- 9780123855473
- Paperback ISBN:
- 9780123855466
About the Author
Bernt Aadnoy
Bernt Sigve Aadnoy is a Professor of the Petroleum Engineering Department at the University of Stavanger in Norway. His extensive career includes working for Phillips, Rogaland Research Institute, Statoil, and independent consultant work for many oil companies, including being an advisor for the Petroleum Safety Authority since 2003. Professor Aadnoy holds a Mechanical Engineers degree from Stavanger Tech, a BSc in mechanical engineeering from the University of Wyoming, a M.S. degree in control engineering from the University of Texas, and PhD in petroleum rock mechanics from the Norwegian Institute of Technology. He has authored more than 130 publications, mostly within drilling and rock mechanics but also within reservoir engineering and production. He holds 7 patents. Professor Aadnoy is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. he has received numerous awards over the years, including being the 1999 recipient of the SPE International Drilling Engineering Award and an Honorary Membership Award in 2015 for his dedicated service to SPE.
Affiliations and Expertise
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
Reza Looyeh
Reza Looyeh is a registered Chartered Engineer, a Fellow member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineeres (IMechE) in the UK, and a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He holds a BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Tehran University, Iran (1989, Honors Degree), an MSc from Newcastle University, UK, in offshore engineering (1994), and PhD from Durham University, UK, in mechanical engineering (1999). He is presently a lead mechanical engineer at Chebron Pembroke Refinery in the UK, a position he has held since 2006. Dr. Looyeh has over 25 technical publications on a variety of topics and is a member of the Engineering Equipment and Material User's Association (EEMUA), Piping Systems Committee (PSC), and Materails Technology Committee (MTC), as well as an industrial advisor to IMechE for the oil and gas sector.
Affiliations and Expertise
Lead Engineer, Chevron Limited, Pembroke Refinery, UK