Personalized Health Systems for Cardiovascular Disease

1st Edition - January 21, 2022
Editors: Anna Maria Bianchi, Jorge Henriques, Vicente Traver Salcedo
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 8 9 5 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 0 6 6 - 1

Personalized Health Systems for Cardiovascular Disease is intended for researchers, developers, and designers in the field of p-health, with a specific focus on management of ca… Read more

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Personalized Health Systems for Cardiovascular Disease is intended for researchers, developers, and designers in the field of p-health, with a specific focus on management of cardiovascular diseases. Biomedical engineers will benefit from coverage of sensors, data transmission, signal processing, data analysis, home and mobile applications, standards, and all other subject matters developed in this book in order to provide an integrated view of the different and multidisciplinary problems related to p-health systems. However, many chapters will also be interesting to physicians and other professionals who operate in the health domain. Students, MS and PhD level, mainly in technical universities, but also in medical schools, will find in this book a complete view of the manifold aspects of p-health, including technical problems related to sensors and software, to automatic evaluation and correct interpretation of the data, and also some legal and regulatory aspects. This book mainly focuses on the development of technology used by people and patients in the management of their own health.

New wearable and implantable devices allow a continuous monitoring of chronic patients, with a direct involvement of clinical centers and physicians. Also, healthy people are more and more interested in keeping their own wellness under control, by adopting healthy lifestyles and identifying any early sign of risk. This is leading to personalized solutions via systems which are tailored to a specific patient/person and her/ his needs. However, many problems are still open when it comes to p-health systems. Which sensors and parameters should be used? Which software and analysis? When and how? How do you design an effective management plan for chronic pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases? What is useful feedback for the patient or for the clinician? And finally, what are the limits of this approach? What is the view of physicians? The purpose of this book is to provide, from a technical point of view, a complete description of most of the elements which are part of such systems, including the sensors and the hardware, the signal processing and data management procedures, the classification and stratification models, the standards and the regulations, focusing on the state of the art and identifying the new directions for innovative solutions. In this book, readers will find the fundamental elements that must be taken into account when developing devices and systems in the field of p-health.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1. Telemonitoring applications in cardiology
Abstract
1.1 Background
1.2 Telemonitoring applications in cardiology
1.3 Challenges and future perspectives
References
Chapter 2. Data and signals for the assessment of the cardiovascular system
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The electrocardiogram
2.3 RR series
2.4 Arterial blood pressure
2.5 Photoplethysmography
2.6 The phonocardiogram
2.7 Benefits of massive screening of cardiovascular signals
References
Chapter 3. Systems, sensors, and devices in personal healthcare applications
Abstract
3.1 Patient monitoring in personal healthcare settings
3.2 Application-driven sensor research and device development
3.3 Personal healthcare sensing technologies
3.4 Implementation examples
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Signal processing for cardiovascular applications in p-health
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Preprocessing
4.3 Feature extraction
4.4 Heart rate variability, a time series rich in information
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Models for risk assessment and stratification
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Risk assessment and stratification
5.3 Risk progression and prognosis
5.4 Assessment of patients’ similarity
5.5 Risk assessment
5.6 Risk progression
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Connected health technologies for knowledge extraction and knowledge-based medicine in cardiac care
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Enabling technologies and building blocks: The connected health technologies in cardiac care
6.3 Knowledge-based cardiovascular disease medicine in the context of connected health technologies
6.4 Discussion
References
Chapter 7. Increasing and standardizing quality of care using computerized guidelines for clinical decision support
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia and heart failure
7.3 What are clinical guidelines?
7.4 Computerized guidelines for decision support in heart failure
7.5 Discussion: Benefits and contributions of using a guideline-based clinical decision support systems
7.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8. Digital coaching for personalized healthcare of cardiovascular diseases
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Needs, preferences, and attitudes
8.3 Study cases of coaching systems for cardiovascular diseases in the literature
8.4 Matching users’ needs and preferences with features implemented in study cases
8.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9. Methods for app development in p-health
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Apps for p-health
9.3 Directive for p-health app development
9.4 Interoperability for apps in p-health
9.5 Regulatory framework for health apps
9.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Devices for p-health: Which regulations in Europe?
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Principles of the regulations
10.3 Conclusions
Chapter 11. Remote management of heart failure patients: A p-health example
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Heart failure and management strategies
11.3 Success and potential of home monitoring and self-care in heart failure
11.4 Steps toward personalized solutions
11.5 Conclusions
References
Index

Anna Maria Bianchi

Anna Maria Bianchi is a Full Professor in Biomedical Engineering, with teaching responsibility in Biomedical Signal Processing and Medical Informatics, in BS, MS, and PhD Bioengineering programs. Her research interests are mainly related to the processing of biomedical signals and images and to the development of innovative methodologies for feature extraction, information enhancement, and model development. Applications are both in physiological studies and in clinics through design of interpretative and diagnostic models. In recent years, applications have been in the field of medical informatics and artificial intelligence. Prof. Bianchi is the scientific coordinator of the Medical Informatics Lab at DEIB and is a member of the management committee of two interdepartmental labs at Politecnico di Milano (i.e., the BrainLab@Polimi and PHEEL). She has authored 20 book chapters and more than 110 peer-reviewed papers in ISI international journals. She has been a fellow of EAMBES (European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science) since 2012. Dr. Bianchi serves as a scientific expert in the EMBS Technical Committee on Neuroengineering and the Technical Committee on Cardiopulmonary Systems. She is Associate Editor of 'IEEE Transactions on Neural System and Rehabilitation Engineering' and a member of the editorial board of the 'Journal of Biomedical Signals Processing and Control' and of 'Electronics—Open Access Journal'. She has participated in many EU-funded (from VI framework program to H2020) and Italian-funded research projects with scientific responsibility and has active collaborations with companies operating in the field of biomedical instrumentation and systems.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

Jorge Henriques

Jorge Henriques is an Associate Professor, with teaching responsibility in Informatics Engineering and Biomedical Engineering in BS, MS, and PhD programs. His main research interests are computational intelligence methodologies with application to modeling, prediction, diagnosis, and decision making, in particular in the clinical context. He has been particularly active in the development of innovative solutions in p-health scenarios, with particular application to situations in preventive medicine and chronic diseases management, namely in the research and implementation of advanced algorithms for biosignals' analysis and processing (in particular, electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, heart sounds, and blood pressure). He is a senior researcher in the Adaptive Computation Group at the Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC). His publications include seven book chapters and over 200 papers in refereed international journals and conferences. He is a reviewer for many biomedical engineering journals and has been involved in numerous program committees of major international conferences. He has coordinated and participated in several projects at national and international levels (European FP6, FP7, and H2020). He is a licensed professional engineer, was the executive coordinator of the Informatics Laboratory of Instituto Pedro Nunes, and has provided consulting services to various companies and national institutions in the clinical informatics and e-health areas.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

Vicente Traver Salcedo

Vicente Traver Salcedo has a bachelor’s degree (1998) and a PhD (2004) in Telecommunications Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de València. He is a member of the academic board for the interuniversity master's degree in Biomedical Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de València. He is also the coordinator of the 'Healthy Living' cluster, which combines six different R&D university groups working in the field. Since 1998, his research focus has been on telemedicine, e-health, and e-inclusion, especially on the provision of home healthcare services through telematic media and the concepts of patient empowerment and the citizen as a health co-producer. He has participated in more than 50 EU-funded projects (from IV framework program to H2020) and Spanish-funded projects, and has taken part in multiple research agreements with companies in healthcare and social services that make use of information communication technologies. He has published more than 120 technical papers in national and international journals and has participated in several seminars and conferences as invited speaker. He is a member of international scientific congresses committees and a member of the editorial board of 'IET Networks'. He was the keynote lecturer at BIOSTEC 2010. He was the chairman and organizer of pHealth 2008 and the four editions of the International Workshop on Technology for Healthcare and Healthy Lifestyle (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012). He was conference co-chair of IEEE Biomedical Health Informatics 2014. He is cofounder of two SME IT health-related companies, currently employing more than 40 people. A full list of his publications is available at goo.gl/Wg2JZR.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain