Pathophysiology

The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children

8th Edition - December 27, 2016
Authors: Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
Language: English
Other ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 3 9 5 0 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 4 1 3 2 0 - 6

Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis… Read more

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Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. This updated text includes more than 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs to make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. This edition includes a NEW chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders, along with expanded coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics. It’s the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available!

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
What's New?
About the Cover Image
Copyright
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Organization and Content: What's New in the Eighth Edition
Features to Promote Learning
Art Program
Ancillaries
Acknowledgments
Introduction to Pathophysiology
References
Part One Central Concepts of Pathophysiology: Cells and Tissues
Unit I The Cell
1 Cellular Biology
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Cellular Functions
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
Cellular Metabolism
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
Cellular Reproduction: the Cell Cycle
Tissues
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Cellular Adaptation
Cellular Injury
Manifestations of Cellular Injury
Cellular Death
Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Somatic Death
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
3 The Cellular Environment
Distribution of Body Fluids
Aging and Distribution of Body Fluids
Alterations in Water Movement
Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance
Alterations in Sodium, Water, and Chloride Balance
Alterations in Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Balance
Acid-Base Balance
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit II Genes, Gene-Environment Interaction, and Epigenetics
4 Genes and Genetic Diseases
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level
Chromosomes
Elements of Formal Genetics
Transmission of Genetic Diseases
Linkage Analysis and Gene Identification
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
5 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
Factors Influencing Incidence of Disease in Populations
Principles of Multifactorial Inheritance
Nature and Nurture: Disentangling the Effects of Genes and Environment
Genetics of Common Diseases
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
6 Epigenetics and Disease
Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms
Epigenetics and Human Development
Genomic Imprinting
Epigenetics in Cognitive Development and Mental Health
Exploring the Possible Multigenerational Persistence of Epigenetic States That Arise in Response to Environmental Factors
Epigenetic Change Over the Life Span
Molecular and Computational Tools for Exploring Epigenetic States
Epigenetics and Cancer
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease
Future Directions
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit III Mechanisms of Self-Defense
7 Innate Immunity
Human Defense Mechanisms
First Line of Defense: Physical, Mechanical, and Biochemical Barriers and Normal Microbiome
Second Line of Defense: Inflammation
Local Manifestations of Inflammation
Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
Wound Healing
Pediatrics: Innate Immunity in the Newborn Child
Aging: Innate Immunity in the Older Adult Population
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
8 Adaptive Immunity
General Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity
Recognition and Response
Generation of Clonal Diversity
Induction of an Immune Response: Clonal Selection
Effector Mechanisms
Fetal and Neonatal Immune Function
Aging and Immune Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
9 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity
References:
Deficiencies in Immunity
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
10 Infection
Emerging Infections
References
Microorganisms and Humans: a Dynamic Relationship
Microorganisms and Infections
References
References
References
References
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Countermeasures Against Pathogens
References
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
11 Stress and Disease
Historical Background and General Concepts
Concepts of Stress, Homeostasis, and Allostasis
Stress Response
Stress, Illness, and Coping
Aging and Stress: Stress-Age Syndrome
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit IV Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
12 Cancer Biology
Cancer Characteristics and Terminology
The Biology of Cancer Cells
Clinical Manifestations of Cancer
Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer
Treatment of Cancer
Targeted Disruption of Cancer
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
13 Cancer Epidemiology
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue
Incidence and Mortality Trends
In Utero and Early Life Conditions
Environmental-Lifestyle Factors
Chemicals and Occupational Hazards as Carcinogens
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
14 Cancer in Children
Incidence and Types of Cancer
Etiology
Prognosis
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Part Two Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems
Unit V Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems
15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
Overview and Organization of the Nervous System
Cells of the Nervous System
Nerve Impulse
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Aging and the Nervous System
Tests of Nervous System Structure and Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
Pain
Pediatrics and Perception of Pain
Aging and Perception of Pain
Temperature Regulation
Pediatrics and Temperature Regulation
Aging and Temperature Regulation
Sleep
Pediatrics and Sleep Patterns
Aging and Sleep Patterns
Somatosensory Function and the Special Senses
Aging and Vision
Aging and Hearing
Aging and Olfaction and Taste
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
Alterations in Cognitive Systems
Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics
Alterations in Neuromotor Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
18 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
Central Nervous System Disorders
Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
Development of the Nervous System in Children
Structural Malformations
Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies
Cerebrovascular Disease in Children
Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders in Children
Childhood Tumors
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit VI The Endocrine System
21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands
Aging and the Endocrine System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations
Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System
Alterations of Thyroid Function
Alterations of Parathyroid Function
Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus
Alterations of Adrenal Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
23 Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
Adipose Tissue
Obesity
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder
Starvation
Anorexia of Aging
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit VII The Reproductive Systems
24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
Development of the Reproductive Systems
The Female Reproductive System
Structure and Function of the Breast
The Male Reproductive System
Tests of Reproductive Function
Aging and Reproductive Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
Abnormalities of Reproductive Tract Development
Alterations of Sexual Maturation
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Disorders of the Female Breast
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
Alterations of Sexual Maturation
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Disorders of the Male Breast
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
27 Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually Transmitted Urogenital Infections
Sexually Transmitted Infections of Other Body Systems
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit VIII The Hematologic System
28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
Components of the Hematologic System
Development of Blood Cells
References
Mechanisms of Hemostasis
Clinical Evaluation of the Hematologic System
Pediatrics and the Hematologic System
Aging and the Hematologic System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
29 Alterations of Erythrocyte, Platelet, and Hemostatic Function
Anemia
Myeloproliferative Red Blood Cell Disorders
Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
30 Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
Alterations of Leukocyte Function
Alterations of Lymphoid Function
Alterations of Splenic Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
31 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
Fetal and Neonatal Hematopoiesis
Postnatal Changes in the Blood
Disorders of Erythrocytes
Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets
Neoplastic Disorders
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit IX The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
32 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Circulatory System
The Heart
The Systemic Circulation
Lymphatic System
Tests of Cardiovascular Function
Aging and the Cardiovascular System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Diseases of the Veins
Diseases of the Arteries
Disorders of the Heart Wall
Manifestations of Heart Disease
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
34 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
Development of The Cardiovascular System
Congenital Heart Defects
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit X The Pulmonary System
35 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
Structures of the Pulmonary System
References
Functions of the Pulmonary System
Tests of Pulmonary Function
Aging and the Pulmonary System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations
Disorders of the Chest Wall and Pleura
Pulmonary Disorders
References
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
37 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
Structure and Function
Disorders of the Upper Airways
Disorders of the Lower Airways
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit XI The Renal and Urologic Systems
38 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
Structures of the Renal System
Renal Blood Flow
Kidney Function
Tests of Renal Function
Aging and Renal Function
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Urinary Tract Obstruction
Urinary Tract Infection
Glomerular Disorders
Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
40 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Structure and Function of the Urinary System in Children
Alterations in Renal and Bladder Function in Children
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit XII The Digestive System
41 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
The Gastrointestinal Tract
Accessory Organs of Digestion
Tests of Digestive Function
Aging and the Gastrointestinal System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
42 Alterations of Digestive Function
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion
Cancer of the Digestive System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
43 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Disorders of the Liver
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit XIII The Musculoskeletal System
44 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Structure and Function of Bones
Structure and Function of Joints
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles
Tests of Musculoskeletal Function
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Disorders of Bones
Disorders of Joints
References
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
46 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
Musculoskeletal Development in Children
Musculoskeletal Alterations in Children
Nonaccidental Trauma
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit XIV The Integumentary System
47 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
Structure and Function of the Skin
Aging and Skin Integrity
Disorders of the Skin
Disorders of the Hair
Disorders of the Nail
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
48 Alterations of the Integument in Children
Acne Vulgaris
Dermatitis
Infections of the Skin
Insect Bites and Parasites
Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations
Other Skin Disorders
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Unit XV Multiple Interacting Systems
49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
Shock
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Burns
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
50 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Burns
Summary Review
Key Terms
References
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
Index
Endsheet

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Kathryn L. McCance

Sue E. Huether