Pathogens, Vectors, and Plant Diseases

Contributors

Preface


1. Nonpesticidal Control of Vector-Borne Diseases


1.1 Introduction


1.2 Evasive Measures


1.3 Repellence by Reflective Surfaces


1.4 Sticky Yellow Traps


1.5 Barriers and Bafflers


1.6 Soil Solarization


1.7 Biological and Integrated Control of Vectors


1.8 Some Concluding Remarks


1.9 Acknowledgments


1.10 References


2. Chemotherapy of Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases


2.1 Introduction


2.2 Earlier Searches for Chemotherapeutants


2.3 Test Methods


2.4 Pyrimidines and Purines


2.5 Antibiotics


2.6 Hormones


2.7 Fungicides


2.8 Herbicides


2.9 Chemotherapy of Animal Viruses


2.10 Discussion


2.11 References


3. Control of Whitefly Vectors of Viruses by Color Mulches


3.1 Introduction


3.2 Effect of Mulches on Whitefly Populations and Virus Spread


3.3 Effect of Mulches on Whitefly Behavior


3.4 Whitefly Vision


3.5 Discussion and Conclusion


3.6 Acknowledgments


3.7 References


4. Chemical Control of Nematode Vectors


4.1 Introduction


4.2 Fumigant Nematicides


4.3 Nonfumigant Nematicides


4.4 References


5. Use of Oil Sprays and Reflective Surfaces for Control of Insect-Transmitted Plant Viruses


5.1 Introduction


5.2 Reflective Surfaces


5.3 Oil Sprays


5.4 Conclusions and Discussion


5.5 References


6. Controlling Seed and Insect-Borne Viruses


6.1 Introduction


6.2 Control of Virus Diseases at the Field Level


6.3 Control of Virus Diseases at the Regional Level


6.4 Control of Virus Diseases at the International Level


6.5 Conclusion


6.6 Acknowledgments


6.7 References


7. The Host as a Vector: Exclusion as a Control


7.1 Introduction


7.2 A Review of Exclusion Methods and Procedures


7.3 Measuring, on a Worldwide Basis, the Use of Exclusion as a Control


7.4 The Biological Basis of Exclusion of Hosts, Pests, and Pathogens


7.5 References


8. Plant Quarantine Problems in Preventing the Entry into the United States of Vector-Borne Plant Pathogens


8.1 Introduction


8.2 Entry of Potential Vectors


8.3 Information Necessary for Quarantine Decisions Concerning Vectors


8.4 Approaches to Prevent the Introduction of Potential Vectors with Imported Cargo


8.5 Approaches for the Safe Importation of Potential Vectors as Cultures


8.6 Current Approach to the Exclusion of Vectors


8.7 Acknowledgments


8.8 References


9. Nature of Inherited Nematode Resistance in Plants


9.1 Introduction


9.2 Some Examples of Inherited Nematode Resistance in Plants


9.3 Attractiveness to Resistant and Susceptible Plants


9.4 Differences in Structural Changes between Resistant and Susceptible Plants


9.5 Some Biochemical Differences between Resistant and Susceptible Plants


9.6 Phenols and Phenolic Compounds in Nematode Resistance


9.7 Growth Hormones in Relation to Resistance


9.8 Phytoalexins and Toxins in Nematode Resistance


9.9 Nature of Nematode Resistance


9.10 Acknowledgments


9.11 References


10. Aphid Probing and Feeding, Electronic Monitoring, and Plant Breeding


10.1 Introduction


10.2 The Host-Parasite Relationship


10.3 Electronic Monitoring Systems


10.4 Interpretation of the Readout


10.5 Mechanisms of Resistance


10.6 Breeding for Plant Resistance to Aphids


10.7 Summary


10.8 Acknowledgments


10.9 References


11. The ESS of an Aphid Pathosystem


11.1 Introduction


11.2 Plant Pathosystems


11.3 The Wild Pathosystem Model


11.4 The Crop Pathosystem


11.5 References


12. Control of Vector-Borne Mycoplasmas


12.1 Introduction


12.2 Breeding for Resistance to Mycoplasmas


12.3 Control of Vector Populations


12.4 Mycoplasma Antibiotics


12.5 Heat Therapy


12.6 Surgery


12.7 Screens


12.8 Mycoplasma Viruses for Mycoplasma Control


12.9 Cross-Protection (Strain Interference)


12.10 Toxin Antimetabolites


12.11 Altering Vector Feeding by Alien Mycoplasmas


12.12 Induced Mycoplasma Mutations for Cross-Protection and Vector Control


12.13 Conclusions


12.14 Acknowledgments


12.15 References

Index