Pathobiology of the Endothelial Cell

Contents

List of Participants

Preface

Opening Address: Differentiated Microdomains in the Vascular Endothelium

I Endothelial Growth Regulation

Stimulation of Vascular Cell Growth by Macrophage Products

Introduction

Macrophage-Induced Neovascularization: In Vivo Studies

Stimulation of Cell Growth in Vitro by Macrophage Products

Modulation of Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor Production

Sources of Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor

Properties of Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor

Biological Significance of Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor

Summary

References

The Control of Proliferation and Differentiation of Endothelial Cells

Introduction

The Cornea: Structure and Development

Effects of Growth Factors on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Corneal Endothelial Cells in Vitro

Involvement of the Basal Lamina Produced by Corneal Endothelial Cells in the Control of Cell Proliferation

The Use of Corneal Endothelial Cell Cultures in Studies of Their Differentiated Properties

The Use of the Basal Lamina Produced by Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells for Studies of the Control of Proliferation of Malignant Versus Normal Cells

Effect of Basal Lamina on the Attachment, Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Nerve Cells

Conclusion

References

Vessel Wall Growth Control

Introduction

Initial Growth State of Smooth Muscle Cells

Initial Growth State of Endothelial Cells

Interrelationships of Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Growth

Critical Lesion Size

Summary

References

Angiogenesis in Vitro: Implications for Tumor Biology

Introduction

Method of Isolation of Capillary Endothelial Cells

Angiogenesis in Vitro

Time-Lapse Studies

Other Factors Affecting Growth of Capillary Endothelial Cells

Migration of Capillary Endothelial Cells

The Effect of Mast Cells on Migration of Capillary Endothelial Cells

Summary

References

II Coagulation Proteases

Interactions of Thrombin with Endothelium

Text

References

Protein C, a Regulator of Prothrombin Activation

Introduction

Human Protein C

Factor V

Protein Ca and Factor V

Protein C and Platelets

References

Activation of Protein C by a Complex between Thrombin and Endothelial Cell Surface Protein

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

References

III Platelet Adhesion and Fibrinogen Proteolysis

The Role of Factor VIH-von Willebrand Factor in Adhesion of Platelets to the Vessel Wall

Introduction

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

References

The Factor VIII Complex

The Two Components of the Factor VIII Complex

Factor VIII Procoagulant Protein: Antihemophilic Factor

Factor VIII-Related Protein: von Willebrand Factor

The Interaction of VIII:C and VIIIR in the Factor VIII Complex

The Factor VIII Deficiency Diseases

VIIIR Synthesis by Endothelial Cells

VIII:C Synthesis

Summary

References

Fibrinolytic Components of Cultured Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Vascular Fibrinolysis

Fibrinolytic Components of Cultured EC

Regulation of EC-Mediated Fibrinolysis

Discussion

References

Regulation of Fibrinolysis: Plasminogen Activator as a Thrombolytic Agent

Introduction

Regulation and Control of Fibrinolysis

Studies on the Development of Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator as a Thrombolytic Agent

References

Proteases and Angiogenesis: Production of Plasminogen Activator and Collagenase by Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

References

IV Endothelial Protein Synthesis

Synthesis and Secretion of Thrombospondin and Fibroneetin by Cultured Human Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

References

Synthesis and Secretion of Structural Macromolecules by Endothelial Cells in Culture

Introduction

Collagen Synthesis

Concluding Remarks

References

Glycoprotein Synthesis and Endothelial Cell Function: Influence of Thrombin and Melittin on Release of Glycoconjugates, Activity of Converting Enzyme, and Cell Morphology

Introduction and Review

Studies with Matrix Components and Endothelial Cells

Methods

Results

Discussion

References

V Prostaglandins

The Role of Prostaglandins in Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions

Introduction

Pathways of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Prostacyclin

Thromboxane A2

Prostacyclin and Thromboxane A2 Interactions in Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Factors Affecting Prostacyclin Formation

Prostacyclin in Man

Therapeutic Potential of Prostacyclin

References

Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes

Text

References

Synthesis of Prostacyclin by Cultured Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Induction of PGI2 Synthesis

Inhibitors of PGI2 Synthesis

References

Essential Fatty Acids in Platelets and Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Arachidonic Acid Metabolites as Autacoids

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Human Platelets

Current Concepts of Arachidonic Acid Mobilization

Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid and Prostaglandin Endoperoxide PGH2

Cultured Human Endothelial Cells

Synthesis of Prostacyclin from Platelet-Drived PGH2 by Cultured Human Endothelial Cells

Studies with Acetyl Glyceryl Ether Phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), Formerly Known as Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)

References

Role of Injury in Arterial Lipid Metabolism

Text

References

VI Endothelial Cell-Cell Interactions

Interactions of Platelets with Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Adhesion of Platelets to Cultured Cells

Endothelial Cell Production of Prostacyclin

Secretion of ADP by Endothelial Cells

Binding of Platelet Proteins to Endothelial Cells

Conclusions and Questions

References

Secretory Products of Mononuclear Phagocytes

Text

References

Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions

Text

References

Complement-Mediated Intravascular Leukostasis and Endothelial-Cell Injury

Introduction

Granulocyte Aggregation and Hemodialysis Leukopenia

Organ Dysfunction Associated with Intravascular Granulocyte Aggregation

Granulocyte Aggregation and Shock Lung

The Reversibility of Hemodialysis Leukopenia

Conclusions

References

T-Lymphocyte Activation by Antigen Presented by HLA-DR Compatible Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

References

A Recognition Function of Endothelial Cells: Directing Lymphocyte Traffic

Introduction

Methods

Results and Discussion

Summary

References

Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by Antibody Fragments to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Text

References

VII Vascular Pathobiology

Responses of Endothelial Cells to Injury

Introduction

Membrane Permeability and the Effects of Injurious Stimuli: Possible Mechanisms Involved

Endothelial Injury in Vivo: Consequences of Endothelial Removal

Endothelial Injury in Vivo: Observations on Cultured Cells

Conclusions

References

Vital and Functional Activities of Endothelial Cells

Introduction

Vital Activities

Functional Activities

Responses of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells to the Vasoactive Hormones, Bradykinin and Angiotensin II

Conclusions

References

Endothelial Cell Function in Altered Oxygen Environments

Text

References

Index