Osteosarcopenia
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Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity.
Key Features
- Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population
- Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field
- Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia
Readership
Endocrinologists, general internists, geriatricians, rheumatologists, Physicians with interest on musculoskeletal diseases and ageing, biomedical scientists, nurses and allied health professionals involved in aged care, medical directors (practitioners at nursing homes)
Table of Contents
- Cover
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1: Muscles and bones
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Structure and function of bones
- Differentiation and function of osteoclasts
- Differentiation and function of osteoblasts
- Differentiation and function of osteocytes
- Effects of aging on bones and age-related osteoporosis
- Structure and function of muscle
- Growth and development of muscles and effects of aging on muscles
- Development of skeletal muscles
- Bone-muscle interaction
- Osteocalcin (bone-to-muscle interaction)
- Myostatin (muscle-to-bone interaction)
- Insulin-like growth factor (muscle-to-bone interaction)
- Future research on humoral factors of bone and muscle in aging
- References
- Chapter 2: Cellular senescence and other aging mechanisms in bone and muscle
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Cellular senescence
- Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
- Biomarkers of cellular senescence
- Identification of senescent cells in old bone
- Accelerated cellular senescence and skeletal fragility in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D)
- Effects of reducing the senescent cell burden on bone
- Cellular senescence and aged skeletal muscle
- Causal roles of senescent cells in physical dysfunction and frailty
- Senolytics in clinical trials
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3: Biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone and muscle: Current and future musculoskeletal modeling research directions in osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Background
- Why personalized musculoskeletal modeling?
- Personalized musculoskeletal modeling as a predictive tool
- Future directions
- References
- Chapter 4: A geroscience approach for osteosarcopenia: Autophagy and senescence as therapeutic targets
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Senescence aging effects on bone and osteoporosis
- A role for autophagy in antiaging
- A dual role for autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells: Antisenescence versus prosenescence
- Reconciliation regarding autophagy and senescence
- AMPK and cellular senescence of MSCs
- Antiaging effects of senostatics (senomorphics) in the musculoskeletal system
- Senolytics antiaging effects in bone
- Senostatics or senolytics
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5: Osteosarcopenia as a lifetime syndrome: Could it be prevented?
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Pathophysiology
- Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia in the young populations
- Osteosarcopenic obesity
- Prevention
- References
- Chapter 6: Inflammation and osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Acknowledgment
- Introduction
- Age-related CLIP-inflammaging: Conceptual evolution and etiologic factors
- CLIP-inflammaging: Clinical significance and potential underlying mechanisms
- Osteoimmunology and role of CLIP-inflammaging in contributing to osteoporosis
- Role of CLIP-inflammaging in contributing to sarcopenia
- Role of CLIP-inflammaging in contributing to osteosarcopenia
- CLIP-inflammaging in osteosarcopenia: Consideration of preventative and therapeutic interventions
- References
- Chapter 7: Sex steroids and gender differences in muscle, bone, and fat
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Sex steroid biology
- Sex steroid effects on muscle
- Sex steroid effects on bone
- Sex steroid effects on fat
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8: The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D and PTH—Overview of the regulation of calcium metabolism
- Vitamin D and osteoporosis/osteopenia
- Vitamin D and sarcopenia
- Vitamin D and osteosarcopenia
- PTH, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia
- Vitamin D, PTH, bone, and muscle interactions
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9: Falls and fracture risk assessment—The role of osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Overlapping epidemiology of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, falls, and fractures
- Risk assessment: An opportunity for prevention
- Potential for pleiotropic interventions to reduce both falls and fractures
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10: Osteosarcopenic adiposity
- Abstract
- What is osteosarcopenic adiposity/obesity and what is in its name?
- Identification of OSA and persisting difficulties
- What has the research on OSA/OSO showed so far?
- OSA health consequences
- OSA in the time of COVID-19
- Our recommendations within the auspices of personalized nutrition/medicine
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11: Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia—Clinical
- Abstract
- Overview
- Osteosarcopenia diagnostic algorithm
- Case finding
- Clinical risk factors
- Sarc-F and BMD
- Muscle strength
- Muscle mass
- Physical performance
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 12: Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia—Imaging
- Abstract
- Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia—Quantitative imaging
- Two-dimensional imaging techniques
- Three-dimensional imaging techniques
- Fracture risk prediction tools (FRAX)
- Image analysis
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13: Genetics of osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Heritability of musculoskeletal traits
- Genome-wide association studies
- Current status of OSP-related genetics in humans
- Rare conditions/monogenic diseases
- Effect of environment on musculoskeletal quality and tissue-specific aging
- Pleiotropy for bone-and-muscle-related phenotypes in animals
- Sex-specificity of disease: Is there any genetic predisposition?
- Translational perspectives
- Summary and future directions
- References
- Chapter 14: Frailty: The end of the osteosarcopenia continuum?
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- History of frailty detection and assessment
- Frailty detection in clinical situations
- Frailty demographics and prognosis
- Underlying pathophysiology of frailty
- Frailty lies at the end of the osteosarcopenia continuum
- Therapeutic strategies—Overlap with those of osteosarcopenia
- References
- Chapter 15: Nonpharmacologic intervention for osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Age-related changes in skeletal muscle and bone
- Exercise
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 16: Pharmacological management of osteosarcopenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Targeting the endocrine system for muscle and bone anabolism
- Antifracture medications as muscle anabolics
- The crosstalk of muscle and bone as a therapeutic avenue
- Future directions and conclusions
- References
- Chapter 17: The social context of osteosarcopenia: Risk factors and social impact
- Abstract
- Socially patterned risk factors for osteosarcopenia
- Childhood precursors to osteosarcopenia in later life?
- Conceptual model: The social-biological nexus
- Lower health literacy
- Health literacy and risk factors
- Health literacy and prevention and treatment
- Social impact of osteosarcopenia
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 18: Models of care for falls and fracture prevention: A historical perspective
- Abstract
- Models of care for falls and fracture prevention
- Summary
- References
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 348
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2022
- Published: March 4, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128200889
- eBook ISBN: 9780128204207
About the Editors
Gustavo Duque
Professor Gustavo Duque is a world leader in ageing and musculoskeletal research. He is a geriatrician, clinical, and biomedical researcher with special interest in the mechanisms and treatment of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and frailty in older persons. His initial training included Internal Medicine at Javeriana University (Colombia) and Geriatric Medicine, completed at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He obtained his PhD at McGill with a thesis entitled “Molecular Changes of the Aging Osteoblast.” He moved to Australia to join the faculty as Associate Professor and Head of the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Director of the Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Program at Sydney Medical School Nepean. In 2015, he moved to Melbourne for a new position as Chair of Medicine and Director of the Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science at the University of Melbourne. His major research interests include the elucidation of the mechanisms of age-related bone loss, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and frailty.
Affiliations and Expertise
Chair of Medicine and Director, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
Bruce Troen
Bruce R. Troen, MD, is a physician-scientist formally trained in geriatrics and molecular biology. Dr. Troen is a professor and chief of the Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine in the Department of Medicine within the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, a physician-investigator with the WNY VA Healthcare System, and Chief of Geriatric Services at the Erie County Medical Center. A thought leader in aging-related geroscience and molecular biology and regional leader in geriatric care, Dr. Troen founded and directs the Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease of Western New York and the Center for Successful Aging at the University at Buffalo.
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor and Chief, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine; Physician-Investigator, VAWNY Healthcare System; Director, Center for Successful Aging; Director, Center of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA