Orbital Mechanics and Formation Flying
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Orbital Mechanics and Formation Flying

A Digital Control Perspective

1st Edition - October 4, 2011

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  • Authors: P A Capó-Lugo, P M Bainum
  • eBook ISBN: 9780857093875
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780857090546

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Description

Aimed at students, faculty and professionals in the aerospace field, this book provides practical information on the development, analysis, and control of a single and/or multiple spacecraft in space. This book is divided into two major sections: single and multiple satellite motion. The first section analyses the orbital mechanics, orbital perturbations, and attitude dynamics of a single satellite around the Earth. Using the knowledge of a single satellite motion, the translation of a group of satellites called formation flying or constellation is explained. Formation flying has been one of the main research topics over the last few years and this book explains different control approaches to control the satellite attitude motion and/or to maintain the constellation together. The control schemes are explained in the discrete domain such that it can be easily implemented on the computer on board the satellite. The key objective of this book is to show the reader the practical and the implementation process in the discrete domain.

Key Features

  • Explains the orbital motion and principal perturbations affecting the satellite
  • Uses the Ares V rocket as an example to explain the attitude motion of a space vehicle
  • Presents the practical approach for different control actuators that can be used in a satellite

Readership

Students, faculty and professionals in the aerospace field.

Table of Contents

  • Dedication

    List of figures

    List of tables

    List of symbols

    Acknowledgements

    Preface

    About the authors

    Chapter 1: Introduction

    1.1 Introduction to the book

    1.2 Book division

    Chapter 2: Two body orbital motion

    Abstract:

    2.1 Introduction to orbital motion

    2.2 Constraints and generalized coordinates

    2.3 Lagrange’s equation

    2.4 System of particles

    2.5 Two body orbital motion problem

    2.6 Orbital equations of motion

    2.7 Energy and velocity of orbiting bodies

    2.8 Escape velocity

    2.9 Earth Coordinate Inertial (ECI) system

    2.10 Period of an orbit

    2.11 Development of Kepler’s equation

    2.12 Suggested problems

    Chapter 3: Orbital perturbations in the two body motion

    Abstract:

    3.1 Introduction to disturbance effects

    3.2 Lagrange planetary equations

    3.3 Perturbation due to the earth oblateness

    3.4 The near-Earth atmosphere effects

    3.5 Solar radiation pressure force

    3.6 Other disturbance effects

    3.7 Suggested problems

    Chapter 4: Frame rotations and quaternions

    Abstract:

    4.1 Introduction to rotations and quaternions

    4.2 Two-dimensional frame rotations

    4.3 Three-dimensional frame rotations

    4.4 Example of frame rotations

    4.5 Quaternion definition and rotations

    4.6 Quaternion to Euler angle relations

    4.7 Suggested problems

    Chapter 5: Rigid body motion

    Abstract:

    5.1 Introduction to attitude dynamics

    5.2 Rate of change of a vector

    5.3 Moment of inertia

    5.4 Principal moments of inertia

    5.5 Energy formulation

    5.6 Rate of change of a quaternion

    5.7 Ares V equations of motion

    5.8 Suggested problems

    Chapter 6: Environmental and actuator torques

    Abstract:

    6.1 Introduction to torque formulation

    6.2 Environmental torques

    6.3 Actuator (or control) torques

    6.4 Suggested problems

    Chapter 7: Continuous and digital control systems

    Abstract:

    7.1 Introduction to methods of designing continuous and discrete control systems

    7.2 Ares V equations of motion for first stage flight

    7.3 Continuous control formulation

    7.4 Discrete control formulation

    7.5 Adaptive and intelligent controls

    7.6 Suggested problems

    Chapter 8: Example

    Abstract:

    8.1 Introduction to examples in spacecraft attitude dynamics and control

    8.2 Nanosatellite problem definition

    8.3 B-dot controller for fast corrections

    8.4 Linear quadratic regulator for attitude correction

    8.5 Linear quadratic regulator control weight design

    8.6 Suggested problems

    Chapter 9: Formation flying

    Abstract:

    9.1 Introduction to formation flying

    9.2 Tschauner–Hempel formulation

    9.3 Clohessy–Wiltshire formulation

    9.4 Earth oblateness and solar effects in formation flying

    9.5 Lawden solution

    9.6 Discrete optimal control problem for formation flying

    9.7 Formation flying controller implementation

    9.8 Suggested problems

    Chapter 10: Deployment procedure for a constellation

    Abstract:

    10.1 Introductory comments

    10.2 Desired conditions of the satellites in the proposed tetrahedron constellation

    10.3 Transfer from a circular orbit to the elliptical orbit (stage 1)

    10.4 Station-keeping procedure (stage 2)

    10.5 Deployment procedure for the tetrahedron constellation

    10.6 Remarks

    10.7 Suggested problems

    Chapter 11: Reconfiguration procedure for a constellation

    Abstract:

    11.1 Introduction to the reconfiguration process of a constellation

    11.2 Data mining process of the Lagrange planetary equations

    11.3 Fuzzy logic controller

    11.4 Phase I to II in-plane motion fuzzy logic control system

    11.5 Phase II to III in-plane motion fuzzy logic controller

    11.6 Out-of-plane motion correction

    11.7 Some solutions for the reconfiguration procedures

    11.8 Implementation of the fuzzy logic controller

    11.9 Adaptive control scheme for reconfiguration procedure

    11.10 Remarks

    11.11 Suggested problems

    Appendix: Formulae relating to orbital mechanics

    Index

Product details

  • No. of pages: 438
  • Language: English
  • Copyright: © Woodhead Publishing 2011
  • Published: October 4, 2011
  • Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
  • eBook ISBN: 9780857093875
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780857090546

About the Authors

P A Capó-Lugo

Dr Pedro A. Capó-Lugo works as an Aerospace Engineer in the guidance, navigation, and control analysis and design group at NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. He has worked in the analysis of control systems of the Ares rockets in the Constellation program, and has analyzed and developed control systems for different satellite missions which include nano and cube satellites. One of his main research interests is formation flying.

Affiliations and Expertise

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA)

P M Bainum

Dr Peter M. Bainum has 50 years industrial and academic experience. His research in aerospace systems dynamics and control resulted in 220 authored/co-authored publications. His current research interests include: formation flying and dynamics; and control of large flexible space structures. Honours include Fellow AIAA, AAS, AAAS, BIS; Honorary Member Japanese Rocket Society (JRS); IAA Member, and recipient of AIAA International Cooperation, IAF Malina Education, AAS Dirk Brouwer and Sen. Spark Matsunaga International Cooperation Awards. His experience includes participation in the Gemini mission, Apollo program proposal, Department of Defense Gravity Experiment Satellite, Small Astronomy Dual Spin Spacecraft, the Shuttle-Tethered-Subsatellite program, and the NASA proposed Cluster Formation Flying program. Dr. Bainum holds the position of Distinguished Professor of Aerospace Engineering, Emeritus, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.

Affiliations and Expertise

Howard University, USA

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