Optical System Design

Optical System Design covers the basic knowledge of optics and the flow of light through an optical system. This book is organized into 16 chapters that deal with various components of an optical system, from light and images to spectroscopic apparatus. The book first discusses the simple components of an optical system, including its light, lens, oblique beams, and photochemical aspects. It then deals with the system’s projection, plane mirrors, prisms, magnifying instruments, and telescope. Other components considered are the surveying instruments, mirror imaging systems, photographic optics, and spectroscopic apparatus. This book is of value to undergraduate students with courses in geometrical optics and system design.

Preface

1. Optical Systems

I. Design and Production

II. Optical Materials

III. Lens Manufacture

2. Light and Images

I. The Nature of Light

II. The Law of Refraction

III. A Perfect Optical System

IV. Lens Aberrations

V. Fiber Optics

3. Ray-Tracing Procedures

I. Types of Rays

II. Graphical Ray Tracing

III. Meridional Ray Tracing

IV. Paraxial Rays

V. Curved Mirrors

VI. Magnification and the Lagrange Theorem

VII. The Fresnel Lens

4. The Gaussian Theory of Lenses

I. Introduction

II. The Four Cardinal Points

III. Conjugate Distance Relationships

IV. A Single Lens

V. Longitudinal Magnification

VI. The Scheimpflug Condition

VII. Focometry

VIII. Autofocus Mechanisms

5. Multilens Systems

I. Graphical Construction of an Image

II. Ray Tracing Through a System of Separated Thin Lenses

III. Two Thin Lenses with a Real Object and Real Image

IV. The Matrix Approach to Paraxial Rays

V. Cylindrical Lenses

6. Oblique Beams

I. Meridional Rays

II. The Iris and Pupils of a Lens

III. Paraxial Tracing of an Oblique Beam

7. The Photometry of Optical Systems

I. Introduction

II. Photometric Definitions

III. Photometric Properties of Plane Surfaces

IV. Photometric Measuring Instruments

V. The Flux Emitted by a Plane Source

VI. Illuminance Due to a Circular Source

VII. Illumination in an Optical Image

8. Projection Systems

I. A Self-Luminous Object

II. An Illuminated Object

III. Projection Screens

IV. Stereoscopic Projection

V. Contour Projectors

9. Plane Mirrors and Prisms

I. Right- and Left-Handed Images

II. Rotating Mirrors

III. Multiple Mirror Systems

IV. Reflecting Prisms

V. Image Rotators

VI. Prismatic Image Erectors

10. The Eye as an Optical Instrument

I. Dimensions

II. The Properties of Vision

III. Spectacle Lenses

IV. Stereoscopic Vision

11. Magnifying Instruments

I. The Simple Magnifier

II. The Compound Microscope

III. Abbe Theory of Microscope Vision

IV. Microscopy of Transparent Objects

12. The Telescope

I. Fundamental Properties

II. Eyepieces

III. Erecting Telescopes

IV. Other Types of Telescopes

V. Astronomical Telescopes

13. Surveying Instruments

I. Classes of Surveying Instruments

II. Rangefinders

III. An Axicon

14. Mirror Imaging Systems

I. Single-Mirror Systems

II. Two-Mirror Systems

III. Coma Correction

IV. Obstruction

15. Photographic Optics

I. Perspective Effects in Photography

II. Focusing on a Near Object

III. Depth of Focus and Depth of Field

IV. The Theory of Tilted Planes

V. Special Purpose Lenses

VI. Types of Zoom Lenses

VII. Specifying a Photographic Objective

VIII. Panoramic or Slit Cameras

IX. Motion-Picture Systems

16. Spectroscopic Apparatus

I. Dispersing Prisms

II. Diffraction Gratings

Index