Neuronal Information Transfer

List of Participants

Preface

Opening Address

Text

References

Part I Biogenic Amine Systems

Genetic, Structural, and Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Long-Term Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, a Neurotransmitter Synthesizing Enzyme in the Brain

Neurotransmitter Synthesizing Enzymes in the Brain

Long-Term Regulation of Brain Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Summary

References

Regulations of Activity of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Systems

Introduction

Influences of Substance P and GABAergic Neurons on the Activity of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

Imbalance between the Activity of the Two Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathways

The Release of Dopamine from Dopaminergic Dendrites

Role of the Dendritic Release of Dopamine in the Control of the Activity of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons

Concluding Remarks

References

Regulation of Sensitivity to ß-Adrenergic Stimulation in the Rat Pineal

Introduction

Variation in Sensitivity of Induction

Receptors and Adenylate Cyclase

Cyclic AMP and Phosphodiesterase

Protein Kinase

References

Molecular Properties and Regulation of Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Receptors

Introduction

Identification of α- and ß-Adrenergic Receptors by Radioligand Binding

Desensitization of Adrenergic Receptors

Receptor Supersensitivity

Summary and Conclusions

References

Biochemical Characterization of Neurotransmitter Receptors in the Brain

Introduction

Methodological Principles

The Dopamine Receptor

Evidence for a Two-State Model of Neurotransmitter Receptors

References

Part II Cholinergic System

The Cholinergic Electromotor System of Torpedo: Recent Biochemical and Morphological Findings

Introduction

Developmental Studies

Tissue Fractionation

Studies of Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics

Conclusions

References

Studies on the Mechanism of Acetylcholine Release in Mammalian Tissues

Introduction

Amount of ACh in a Vesicle and in a Quantum

Specificity of ACh Release and Storage

Turnover of ACh in Nerve Terminal Pools

Tissue Differences in ACh Storage and Release or Their Control

References

Nerve Excitability: From Descriptive Phenomenology to Molecular Interpretation

Introduction: Early Theories of Axonal Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

Alternative Interpretation of the Function of ACh in Excitable Membranes as a Result of Biochemical and Physiochemical Analyses

A Model Integrating Biochemical, Biophysical, and Thermodynamic Data

The Role of ACh at Synaptic Junctions

References

Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Ion Flux in Electroplax Membrane Microsacs

Text

References

Acetylcholine Receptor: Accelerated Dissociation of Receptor-Ligand Complexes

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

References

Elementary Chemical Reactions of Acetylcholine with Receptor and Esterase: Relationship to Neuronal Information Transfer

Introduction

Localization of Acetylcholine Receptor and Acetylcholinesterase

Do Receptor and Esterase Compete for Acetylcholine?

Kinetic Analyses

Acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholine Receptor

Comparisons between Competitive and Sequential Reactions of Acetylcho-line at the Synapse

References

Part III Amino Acid Systems

Roles of GABA in Neurons in Information Processing in the Vertebrate CNS

Introduction

Disinhibition as a Major Organizing Principle

GABA Neurons and Problems of Functional Coordination in the Nervous System

Identifying GABA-Releasing Neurons in Regions of the Vertebrate CNS

Cerebellum

Spinal Cord

Olfactory Bulb

Basal Ganglia

Interactions among Neurotransmitter Systems

"Wet" Neurobiology and Cybernetics

References

An Evaluation of the Proposed Transmitter Role of Glutamate and Taurine

Introduction

Excitatory Amino Acids

Taurine

Conclusion

References

Part IV Brain Peptides and Opiate System

Biologically Active Peptides in the Brain

Introduction

Biologically Active Peptides

Mapping Biologically Active Peptides in the Brain

Biosynthesis and Degradation of Peptides

Concluding Remarks

References

Opioid Peptides

Introduction

Pharmacological Activity of Opioid Peptides

Multiple Opiate Receptors

Enkephalins as Neurotransmitters

Biogenesis of Enkephalins

Concluding Remarks

References

On the Physiologic Role of Endorphins

Introduction

Endorphin Pharmacology

Functional Effects of Naloxone

Endorphin Steady-State Levels and Turnover

Induced Changes in Pituitary Endorphin Levels

References

Discovery and Function of the Endorphins

Introduction

Endorphins and Morphine—Chemical Comparisons

Multiple Endorphin Systems

Receptors for Opioid Alkaloids and for Opioid Peptides

Endorphins and Opiates—Actions Other than Analgesia

Summary

References

Recent Studies on Opiate Receptors and Analogs of Enkephalin

Introduction

Effects of N-Terminus and C-Terminus Alterations of Enkephalin

Evidence for Location of Opiate Receptors in Organotypic Cultures

References

Part V Cyclic Nucleotides

Regulation of Cyclic AMP Metabolism by Neural Hormones in Brain

Introduction

Role of Cyclic AMP in the Nervous System

Regulation of Neural Cyclic AMP Metabolism

Concluding Remarks

References

Electrophysiological Assessment of Mononucleotides and Nucleosides as First and Second Messengers in the Nervous System

Introduction

First Messenger Criteria

Second Messenger Criteria

Central Norepinephrine as a First Messenger for Cyclic AMP Second Messages

Dopamine as a First Messenger for Cyclic AMP

Cyclic GMP as a Second Messenger in the CNS

Central Purines as First Messengers for Cyclic AMP Second Messages

Mononucleotide Effects in Cultured Sympathetic Ganglia

Conclusions and Speculations

References

Part VI Neuronal Structure and Development

Development of Peripheral Monoaminergic Neurons

Introduction

Development of Adrenergic Ganglia and the Adrenal Medulla


3H-Thymidine Incorporation by Developing Adrenergic Ganglion Cells

Development of the Monoaminergic Innervation of the Gut

Conclusions

References

Characterization, Distribution, and Appearance of Surface Carbohydrates on Growing Neurites

Introduction

Topographic Distribution of Surface Carbohydrates on Growing Neurons

Appearance and Movement of Plasmalemmal Lectin Receptors during Membrane Growth

Surface Carbohydrate Composition of Growth Cones from Different Neuron Types

Summary and Conclusions

References

Selective Synapse Suppression as a Mechanism Contributing to Specificity of Connections in the Nervous System

Text

References

The Functional Motor Innervation of Supernumerary Hind Limbs in the Chick Embryo

Introduction

Results

Discussion

References

Cerebellar Maturation after Perinatal Alterations in Connectivity—Evidence for Intrinsic Determinism

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

References

Index