Neurological Complications of Systemic Cancer and Antineoplastic Therapy

2nd Edition - March 15, 2022
Editors: Herbert B. Newton, Mark G. Malkin
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 9 7 6 - 8

Neurological Complications of Systematic Cancer and Antineoplastic Therapy, Second Edition provides an expanded, updated and in-depth review of common manifestations related t… Read more

Neurological Complications of Systemic Cancer and Antineoplastic Therapy

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Neurological Complications of Systematic Cancer and Antineoplastic Therapy, Second Edition provides an expanded, updated and in-depth review of common manifestations related to neurology that occur in patients with systemic cancer. These include brain metastases, spinal cord compression, cerebrovascular events, and leptomeningeal disease. The book also discusses neurological complications related to treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy and is an essential reference for the practicing neurologist and oncologist.

Sections in this new release cover the pathophysiology and molecular biology of cancer and the metastatic phenotype, Metastatic spread to cranial and peripheral nerves and brachial and lumbosacral plexuses, Metabolic and nutritional disorders, CNS infections, Neurological complications of immunotherapy and bone marrow transplants, Neurological complications of new molecular agents and immuno-modulatory drugs, and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section I: Metastatic neurological complications
Chapter 1: Common symptoms at presentation of nervous system metastases
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Brain metastases
3: Leptomeningeal disease
4: Spinal cord metastases
5: Epidural spinal cord metastases/epidural spinal cord compression
6: Cauda equina syndrome
7: Neoplastic and radiation plexopathy
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Neuroimaging of systemic metastatic disease
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Technical considerations
2: Anatomic locations
3: Intracranial complications of systemic disease
References
Chapter 3: Nonimaging evaluation of patients with nervous system metastases
Abstract
Disclosures
1: Introduction
2: Electroencephalography
3: Evoked potentials
4: Electromyography and nerve conduction studies
5: Nerve biopsy
6: Cerebrospinal fluid
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Biology and pathophysiology of central nervous system metastases
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Molecular biology of neoplasms
3: Mechanisms of brain metastasis
4: Biological mechanisms of the metastatic cascade
5: Blood–brain barrier
6: Genetics of metastases
7: Conclusion
Disclosure
References
Chapter 5: Intracranial metastases
Abstract
1: Introduction and epidemiology
2: Pathology
3: Clinical presentation
4: Neuroimaging
5: Surgical therapy
6: Radiation therapy
7: Chemotherapy
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Neurosurgical approaches to the treatment of intracranial metastases
Abstract
1: Background
2: Initial approach
3: Tumor resection
4: Surgical adjuncts
5: Other neurosurgical techniques
6: Management of recurrence—When to repeat resection
7: Management of CNS metastases in uncommon locations
8: Conclusion
Disclosures
References
Chapter 7: Epidural metastasis and spinal cord compression
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Epidemiology
3: Pathophysiology
4: Clinical presentation
5: Diagnosis
6: Prognosis
7: Treatment
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Leptomeningeal metastasis
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Prognosis
3: Anatomy
4: Pathogenesis
5: Clinical presentation
6: Diagnostic studies/staging
7: Treatment
8: Summary
References
Chapter 9: Cranial nerve involvement by metastatic cancer
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Clinical presentation of cranial nerve involvement
3: Typical imaging findings of cranial nerve involvement
4: Cancers of special interest
5: Summary
References
Chapter 10: Cancer-related plexopathies
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Review of plexus anatomy
3: Plexopathy
4: Diagnosis of plexopathy in patients with cancer
5: Diagnostic studies
6: Cancers of special interest
7: Supportive treatment of cancer-related plexopathy
8: Summary
References
Section II: Nonmetastatic neurological complications
Chapter 11: Cerebrovascular complications of malignancy
Abstract
1: Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in malignancy
2: Direct tumor effects and intracranial hemorrhage
3: Direct tumor effects and cerebral infarction
4: Coagulation disorders
5: Cancer-related infectious disease and stroke: Septic cerebral infarction
6: Infectious vasculitis
7: Complications of cancer treatment
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Metabolic and nutritional nervous system dysfunction in cancer patients
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Metabolic and toxic encephalopathy
3: Tumor lysis syndrome
4: Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
5: Nutritional myelopathy
6: Peripheral neuropathy
7: Nutritional and toxic myopathy
8: Immunotherapy side effects
9: CAR-T cell complications
References
Chapter 13: Central nervous system infections in cancer patients
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Approach to cancer patients with suspected CNS infection
3: High-risk patient groups
4: Management of common CNS infections
5: Vaccine-preventable infections: The COVID-19 pandemic and cancer patients
6: Conclusions
References
Chapter 14: Diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic neurological disorders
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pathogenesis
3: Clinical diagnosis
4: Antineuronal antibodies
5: Treatment
6: Underlying malignancy
7: Paraneoplastic disorders and immune checkpoint inhibitors
8: Paraneoplastic neurological disorders
9: Conclusion
References
Section III: Neurological complications of specific neoplasms
Chapter 15: Neurological complications of lung cancer
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Direct complications of lung cancer
3: Indirect complications of lung cancer
References
Chapter 16: Neurological complications of breast cancer
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Metastatic complications
3: Nonmetastatic complications
4: Regional approach to the diagnosis of neurological symptoms
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Neurological complications of melanoma
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Neurological complications of malignant melanoma
3: Neurological complications of noncutaneous melanomas
References
Chapter 18: Neurological complications of lymphoma
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Intracranial metastases
3: Spinal cord processes
4: Peripheral nervous system disease
5: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
References
Chapter 19: Neurologic complications of the leukemias
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Diagnostic considerations
3: The acute leukemias
4: The chronic leukemias
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Neurological complications of systemic cancer of the head and neck
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Local and locoregional complications
3: Distant metastases
4: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
5: Medical therapy
6: Syncope in patients with head and neck cancer
References
Further reading
Chapter 21: Neurological complications of gynecological cancers
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Local/regional spread of gynecological cancers to the lumbosacral plexus
3: Distant CNS metastases from gynecological cancers
4: Paraneoplastic syndromes due to gynecological cancers
5: Neurological complications associated with treatment of gynecological cancers
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Neurological complications of GI cancers
Abstract
Permissions summary
1: Overview of gastrointestinal cancers
2: Neurological complications of GI cancers
3: Common systemic treatment regimens for GI cancers and their neurological complications
References
Chapter 23: Neurologic complications associated with genitourinary cancer
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Prostate cancer
3: Uterus
4: Ovarian cancer
5: Renal carcinoma
6: Germ cell testicular cancer
7: Bladder carcinoma
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Sarcoma and the nervous system
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Primary CNS sarcomas
3: Primary sarcomas of the peripheral nervous system
4: Extra-CNS sarcoma affecting the nervous system
5: CNS metastases from extra-CNS sarcoma
6: Neurologic toxicities from sarcoma treatments
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 25: Neurological complications of multiple myeloma
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Central nervous system complications
3: Peripheral nervous system complications
4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Neurologic complications in the treatment of childhood malignancies
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Part I: Acute complications of cancer treatment
3: Part II: Late effects of cancer treatment
4: Conclusion
References
Section IV: Neurological complications of antineoplastic therapy
Chapter 27: Neurological complications of radiation therapy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pathophysiology of neurological complications from radiation
3: Radiation-induced brain toxicity
4: Radiation-induced complications of spinal cord
5: Radiation-induced nerve injury
6: Endocrinopathy after radiation therapy
7: Cerebrovascular complications after radiation treatment
8: Radiation-induced secondary malignancy
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 28: Neurological complications of systemic cancer and antineoplastic therapy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Mechanisms of neurotoxicity
3: Neurotixicity of specific agents
4: Targeted therapies
5: Biological agents
6: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Neurological complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Neurologic complications associated with conditioning regimens
3: Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy
4: Cerebrovascular complications
5: CNS infections
6: Neurologic complications associated with chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD)
7: Neurologic complications associated with immunosuppressive therapy
8: Neurocognitive dysfunction
9: Secondary malignancies
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 30: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pathophysiology of CIPN
3: Clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of CIPN
4: Clinical management of CIPN
References
Chapter 31: Neurological complications of immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Bevacizumab
3: Cetuximab and other anti-EGFR mAbs
4: Trastuzumab
5: Rituximab and other anti-CD20 mAbs
6: Dinutuximab
7: Brentuximab vedotin
8: Polatuzumab vedotin
9: Enfortumab vedotin
10: Trastuzumab emtansine
11: Blinatumomab
12: Interleukin-2 (IL2)
13: Interferon alpha
References
Chapter 32: Neurologic complications of immune modulatory therapy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Epidemiology
3: Headache
4: Malignant cerebral edema
5: Peripheral nervous system
6: Central nervous system
7: CAR T cell-mediated neurotoxicity (immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome)
8: Conclusion: Diverse presentation, kinetics, importance of multidisciplinary and early treatment, consideration of re-challenge
References
Chapter 33: Neurological complications of steroids and of supportive care
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Corticosteroids
3: Seizures
4: Vascular complications
5: Analgesics
6: Antiemetics
7: Depression
8: Summary
References
Section V: Psychiatric, pain, psychosocial, and supportive care issues
Chapter 34: Psychiatric aspects of care in the cancer patient
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Historical background
3: Common psychological responses to cancer
4: Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in cancer patients
5: General principles of psychiatric assessment and treatment in patients with cancer
6: Delirium
7: Adjustment disorders
8: Anxiety disorders
9: Trauma and stressor-related disorders
10: Depressive disorders
11: Suicide assessment and management in cancer patients
12: Psychiatric considerations in cancer-related fatigue
13: Cancer survivors
14: Families issues and bereavement
15: Psychological issues for staff
References
Chapter 35: Chronic cancer pain syndromes and their treatment
Abstract
1: Bone pain
2: Pain syndromes of the viscera and miscellaneous tumor-related syndromes
3: Headache and facial pain
4: Neuropathic pain involving the peripheral nervous system
5: Paraneoplastic nociceptive pain syndromes
6: Chronic pain syndromes associated with cancer therapy
7: Clinical evaluation of the patients with difficult pain
References
Further reading
Chapter 36: Psychosocial issues in cancer patients with neurological complications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Neurocognitive concerns
3: Psychological concerns
4: Behavioral concerns
5: Social concerns
6: Disparity concerns
7: End-of-life concerns
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 37: Supportive care
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Novel antiangiogenic agents
3: Conclusion
References
Index

Herbert B. Newton

Dr. Newton is currently the Director of the Neuro-Oncology Center and CNS Oncology Program at the Advent Health Cancer Institute and Advent Health Orlando Campus. He recently retired as Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery at the Ohio State University Medical Center and the James Cancer Hospital, and was the holder of the Esther Dardinger Endowed Chair in Neuro-Oncology. He trained in Neuro-Oncology with Drs. Jerome Posner and William Shapiro at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, and since then had been in academic Neuro-Oncology for over 25 years. He has published more than 220 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters, and is the Chief Editor or Co-Editor of ten textbooks in the field of Neurology and Neuro-Oncology. In addition, he has been listed as a Best Doctor (Neurology) and Top Doctor for Cancer (Neuro-Oncology) for the past 18 years.

Affiliations and expertise

Advent Health Cancer Institute, FL, USA

Mark G. Malkin

Dr. Malkin is currently the Director of the Neuro-Oncology Program at Massey Cancer Center, and Director of the Neuro-Oncology Division, in the Department of Neurology at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. He holds the William G. Reynolds, Jr. Chair in Neuro-Oncology and is Professor of Neurology. Before his appointment at VCU, he was the Director of Neuro-Oncology and Professor of Neurology at Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin. Prior to his move to Milwaukee, he was an Associate Clinical Member at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology at Weill Cornell Medical College. He also trained in Neuro-Oncology with Drs. Jerome Posner and William Shapiro at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and since then has been in academic Neuro-Oncology for over 33 years. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters and is Co-Editor of several textbooks in the field of Neuro-Oncology.

Affiliations and expertise

Director of the Neuro-Oncology Program at Massey Cancer Center; Director of the Neuro-Oncology Division, Department of Neurology, Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, William G. Reynolds, Jr. Chair in Neuro-Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States