Neonatal Gastroenterology: Challenges, Controversies And Recent Advances, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology

1st Edition, Volume 47-2 - May 26, 2020
Editor: Sudarshan R. Jadcherla
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 2 0 7 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 2 0 7 9 - 3

Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Lucky Jain, Dr. Sudarshan R. Jadcherla has put together a comprehensive issue devoted to neonatal gastroenterology. Expert authors have… Read more

Neonatal Gastroenterology: Challenges, Controversies And Recent Advances, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology

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Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Lucky Jain, Dr. Sudarshan R. Jadcherla has put together a comprehensive issue devoted to neonatal gastroenterology. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: Neonatal Aerodigestive Disorders: Epidemiology and Economic Burden; Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Neonates: Developmental Physiology and Pathophysiology; Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the NICU Neonate: Controversies, Current Understanding and Future Directions; Feeding Difficulties and Tube-feeding Controversies in Complex Neonates: Evidence-Based Practices; Physiology and Pathological basis of Aerodigestive Difficulties in Chronic Lung Disease; Congenital Diarrheas in Infants: Pathophysiology, Consequences, and Potential Treatment Strategies; Short Gut syndrome: Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Intestinal Support Practices; Neonatal Cholestasis in the Premature Infant: Approaches to Diagnosis and Management; Strategies for Prevention of TPN-related Liver Injury; Supplements and Additives to Human Milk: Principles and Practices, Current Controversies; Microbiome and Gut Injury in Neonates; Recent Advances in NEC Research: Strategies for Implementation in Clinical Practice; Transfusion-Related Gut Injury and NEC; Neonatal Endoscopy, Diagnosis and Intervention Procedures Crib-side; and Surgical Gastrointestinal Emergencies in Neonates: An overview. Readers will come away with the information they need to improve outcomes in the neonate.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
CME Accreditation Page
Clinics In Perinatology
Neonatal Aerodigestive Disorders: Epidemiology and Economic Burden
Key points
Introduction
Nasopharynx and oropharynx
Supraglottic/glottic/subglottic
Tracheal
Tracheoesophageal
Esophageal
Summary
Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Neonates: Developmental Physiology and Pathophysiology
Key points
Introduction
Embryologic and anatomic considerations
Developmental maturation of oral feeding in infants
Summary
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neonate: Controversies, Current Understanding, and Future Directions
Key points
Introduction
Definitions for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the neonatal intensive care unit infant setting
Prevalence and burden
Developmental neurophysiology of aerodigestive systems
Applied physiology and potential therapeutic targets
Current diagnostic strategies
Current treatment strategies
Other controversies to consider in the complex neonatal intensive care unit infant
Summary and future directions
Approach to Feeding Difficulties in Neonates and Infants: A Comprehensive Overview
Key points
Introduction
Prevalence, economic burden, and comorbidities of deglutition disorders
Understanding the physiologic basis for deglutition disorders
Approach to evaluate infants with eating difficulties
Recommendations for optimal feeding strategies in infants
Physiological Basis of Neonatal Aerodigestive Difficulties in Chronic Lung Disease
Key points
Introduction
An overview of central respiratory and swallowing pattern generators
Coordination of swallowing and respiratory central pattern generators
Impact of prematurity on aerodigestive disorders
Dilemmas of current oral-feeding practices in preterm infants
Strategies to mitigate aerodigestive disorders: a way forward
Congenital Diarrheal Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Definitions
Acquired diarrhea
Congenital diarrheal disease
Challenges and future implications
Intestinal Failure: A Description of the Problem and Recent Therapeutic Advances
Key points
Introduction: nature of the problem
Recent advances
Current controversies
Future directions
Summary
Cholestasis in the Premature Infant
Key points
Introduction: nature of the problem
Recent advances
Current controversies
Clinical relevance
Challenges and implications for practice
Future directions
Summary
Human Milk Supplements: Principles, Practices, and Current Controversies
Key points
Introduction
Classification of supplements and fortifiers
Practices of supplementation and fortification
Controversies
Acidified liquid human milk fortifier versus nonacidified liquid human milk fortifier
Instances where the standard fortification process may be inadequate
Exclusive human milk–based diet versus bovine milk–based diet
Future directions
Gut Injury and the Microbiome in Neonates
Key points
Outline
Introduction
Neonatal gut injury
Infant microbiome and gut injury interactions
Mechanisms of microbiota induced neonatal gut injury
Recent advances
Current controversies
Summary
Recent Advances in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Research: Strategies for Implementation in Clinical Practice
Key points
Introduction
Biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and monitoring
Categories of biomarkers
Summary
Transfusion-related Gut Injury and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Key points
Introduction
Meta-analysis of observational studies of red blood cell transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis
Data from red blood cell transfusion trials
Role of underlying severity of anemia
Preclinical studies of anemia and red blood cell transfusion
Influence of feeding during red blood cell transfusion
Use of near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring
Characteristics of transfused red blood cell products
Summary
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Neonate
Key points
Introduction
Overview of endoscopes
Considerations for procedure locations
Safety concerns and general complications
General use, indications, and contraindications
Neonatal gastrointestinal bleeding
Stenosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Lactobezoars
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement
Summary