Nanoscience and the Environment

Chapter 1: Overview of Environmental Nanoscience

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 History: From Empirical Use to Discoveries
• 3 Definitions
• 4 Novel Properties of NMs
• 5 Synthesis Approaches and Requirements
• 6 Classification
• 7 Nanotechnology Market and Production
• 8 Exposure, Fate, and Transformations of NMs in the Environment
• 9 Environmental and Human Health Toxicity of NMs
• 10 Issues to be Addressed
• 11 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Transformations of Nanomaterials in the Environment

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 NM Transformations
• 3 Effect of Transformations on the Ability to Detect and Quantify NMs in Biological and Environmental Media
• 4 Overall Implications for NM EHS Research and Future Needs
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 3: Environmental Fate and Exposure Modeling of Nanomaterials

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Environmental Fate Models for Organic Chemicals
• 3 Road Map for Developing Environmental Fate Models for ENMs
• 4 Model Input Data: Environmental Emissions
• 5 Model Input Data: ENM Properties
• 6 Environmental Fate Modeling for ENMs
• 7 Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Macromolecular Coronas and Their Importance in Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 The Biomolecule Corona: An Established Paradigm in Nanomedicine and Human Nanosafety
• 3 Toward an Eco-Corona: Translating the Ideas of the Biomolecule Corona Toward a Paradigm in Environmental Toxicity
• 4 Structural Complexity of HS
• 5 Comparison of Factors and Effects of NM Interactions with Proteins and Humics
• 6 Corona Evolution as NMs are Translocated in the Environment and Within Organisms
• 7 The Role of “Secreted” or Exuded Coronas?
• 8 Toward Design of Environmental Coronas and Environmentally “Safer” NMs
• 9 Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments: Concepts and Processes

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Me-ENMs Provide a Unique Type of Exposure
• 3 Definitions and Drivers of Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation
• 4 Mechanisms of Uptake
• 5 Particle Uptake Versus Dissolved Uptake
• 6 Effect of Particle Attributes on Bioavailability
• 7 Effects of Environment and Environmental Transformations on Bioavailability
• 8 Biological Influences
• 9 New Challenges in Quantifying Bioavailability/Bioaccumulation
• 10 Models
• 11 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 What Are Points of Interaction of ENM with Organisms in the Environment?
• 3 Influence on Environment–Organism and Organism–Internal Barriers
• 4 Stress Responses in Cells
• 5 Systemic Stress Responses
• 6 Interference with Ecosystem Network Interactions
• 7 Conclusions and Outlook
• Acknowledgments