Nanoscience and the Environment, Volume 7

Chapter 1: Overview of Environmental Nanoscience

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 History: From Empirical Use to Discoveries
• 3 Definitions
• 4 Novel Properties of NMs
• 5 Synthesis Approaches and Requirements
• 6 Classification
• 7 Nanotechnology Market and Production
• 8 Exposure, Fate, and Transformations of NMs in the Environment
• 9 Environmental and Human Health Toxicity of NMs
• 10 Issues to be Addressed
• 11 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Transformations of Nanomaterials in the Environment

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 NM Transformations
• 3 Effect of Transformations on the Ability to Detect and Quantify NMs in Biological and Environmental Media
• 4 Overall Implications for NM EHS Research and Future Needs
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 3: Environmental Fate and Exposure Modeling of Nanomaterials

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Environmental Fate Models for Organic Chemicals
• 3 Road Map for Developing Environmental Fate Models for ENMs
• 4 Model Input Data: Environmental Emissions
• 5 Model Input Data: ENM Properties
• 6 Environmental Fate Modeling for ENMs
• 7 Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Macromolecular Coronas and Their Importance in Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 The Biomolecule Corona: An Established Paradigm in Nanomedicine and Human Nanosafety
• 3 Toward an Eco-Corona: Translating the Ideas of the Biomolecule Corona Toward a Paradigm in Environmental Toxicity
• 4 Structural Complexity of HS
• 5 Comparison of Factors and Effects of NM Interactions with Proteins and Humics
• 6 Corona Evolution as NMs are Translocated in the Environment and Within Organisms
• 7 The Role of “Secreted” or Exuded Coronas?
• 8 Toward Design of Environmental Coronas and Environmentally “Safer” NMs
• 9 Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments: Concepts and Processes

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Me-ENMs Provide a Unique Type of Exposure
• 3 Definitions and Drivers of Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation
• 4 Mechanisms of Uptake
• 5 Particle Uptake Versus Dissolved Uptake
• 6 Effect of Particle Attributes on Bioavailability
• 7 Effects of Environment and Environmental Transformations on Bioavailability
• 8 Biological Influences
• 9 New Challenges in Quantifying Bioavailability/Bioaccumulation
• 10 Models
• 11 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 What Are Points of Interaction of ENM with Organisms in the Environment?
• 3 Influence on Environment–Organism and Organism–Internal Barriers
• 4 Stress Responses in Cells
• 5 Systemic Stress Responses
• 6 Interference with Ecosystem Network Interactions
• 7 Conclusions and Outlook
• Acknowledgments

Nanomaterials in the Environment covers all aspects of manufactured nanomaterials and their impact and behavior in the environment. Starting with a general overview of the field, emphasizing key points and background, the book then covers crucial specific areas, including nanomaterial transformations in the environment due to dissolution, aggregation, and other processes, and the modeling of environmental exposure and fate. A chapter on formation of the “eco-corona” investigates the state of the art with specific reference to the protein corona literature in human health. Finally, there are chapters on mechanisms of biouptake and toxicity.

The fast-moving nature of the field and the quality of the submissions make this book essential reading for all those working in this area. It is suitable for researchers from Masters-level upwards, and for regulators and industry. The book can also be used as a high-level teaching aid.

• Edited and written by leaders in this area
• Environmental behavior and effects are discussed in depth
• Useful for specialists and generalists at all levels of experience

Researchers and postgraduate students in nanoscience, nanotechnology and the environment as well as regulators, policy makers and industry representatives.