Mollusca

1st Edition - January 1, 1972
Editor: Marcel Florkin
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 6 3 2 6 - 2

Chemical Zoology, Volume VII, Mollusca, provides zoologists and chemists with an overview of the state of knowledge in chemistry and zoology and an introduction to the existing… Read more

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Chemical Zoology, Volume VII, Mollusca, provides zoologists and chemists with an overview of the state of knowledge in chemistry and zoology and an introduction to the existing literature. The treatise is arranged by phyla, an arrangement which seemed most suitable for presenting chemical information of zoological significance and for bringing to the attention of chemists those aspects of biochemical diversity of greatest potential interest. Each section, dealing with a major phylum, is introduced by a discussion of the biology and systematics of the group. This is followed by chapters dealing with various aspects of the biochemistry of the group. This volume contains 14 chapters and begins with a discussion of the molluscan framework. This is followed by separate chapters on shell structure and formation, respiratory proteins, and nitrogen metabolism in molluscs. Subsequent chapters deal with molluscan byssus fibers, chemical embryology, pigments, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and distribution, endocrinology, anisosmotic and isosmotic cellular regulation, pharmacology, and biochemical ecology.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Chapter 1. The Molluscan Framework

I. Introduction

II. Phylogenetic Origins

III. Unfolding of the Framework

IV. Derivation of the Classes

V. The Molluscan Subphyla

References

Chapter 2. Structure of the Molluscan Shell

I. Introduction

II. Types of Mineral Architecture and Organic Ultrastructures in Molluscan Shells

III. The Cuttle Bone (Sepia officinalis L.)

IV. Mineralogy and Crystallography

V. Uncalcified or Partly Calcified Organic Structures of Mollusk Shells

VI. Colors of Shells

VII. Biochemical Composition of the Nacreous Conchiolin in Relation to Its Ultrastructure

VIII. Biochemical Data on Organic Components of Mollusk Shells

IX. Conclusion

References

Chapter 3. Shell Formation in Mollusks

I. Introduction

II. The System of Shell Formation—Compartments

III. The Mantle and Calcium

IV. Environment of Shell Formation

V. Calcium Carbonate Deposition

VI. Carbonic Anhydrase and Calcium Deposition

VII. Shell Matrix and Crystallization

VIII. Formation of Crystal Layers

IX. Growth Increments

X. Shell Decalcification

XI. Shell Regeneration

XII. Minor Elements and Trace Elements

References

Chapter 4. Byssus Fiber-Mollusca

I. Description of the Byssus

II. Molecular Structure of Byssus Fiber

III. Elastic and Optical Properties of Byssus Fibers

IV. The Formation of Byssus Fibers

V. Summary

References

Chapter 5. Chemical Embryology of Mollusca

I. Oogenesis and Vitellogenesis

II. Fertilization

III. Ooplasmic Segregation

IV. Osmotic Regulation

V. Breakdown and Utilization of the Yolk

VI. Embryonic Nutrition

VII. Nucleic Acids

VIII. Protein Synthesis

IX. Respiration

X. Cell Metabolism

XI. Cell Differentiation

References

Chapter 6. Pigments of Mollusca

I. Carotenoids

II. Indigoids

III. Melanins

IV. Sclerotins

V. Ommochromes

VI. Porphyrins (Excluding Hemoglobins)

VII. Bile Pigments (Bilichromes)

VIII. Hemochromogens (Other than Hemoglobins)

IX. Miscellaneous Pigments

References

Chapter 7. Respiratory Proteins in Mollusks

I. Introduction

II. Hemoglobin

III. Hemocyanin

References

Chapter 8. Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Mollusca

I. Introduction

II. Blood Sugar

III. Sugar Nucleotides

IV. Mucopolysaccharides and Glycoproteins

V. Galactogen

VI. Glycogen

References

Chapter 9. Lipid and Sterol Components and Metabolism in Mollusca

I. Introduction

II. Distribution of Lipids

III. Metabolism of Lipids

References

Chapter 10. Nitrogen Metabolism in Mollusks

I. Nitrogenous Constituents of Molluscan Organisms

II. Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds

III. Terminal Products of Nitrogen Metabolism in Mollusks

IV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 11. Endocrinology of Mollusca

I. Introduction

II. Amphineura and Scaphopoda

III. Lamellibranchia

IV. Gastropoda

V. Cephalopoda

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 12. Ionoregulation and Osmoregulation in Mollusca

I. Introduction

II. Anisosmotic Extracellular Regulation

III. Isosmotic Intracellular Regulation

IV. Summary

References

Chapter 13. Aspects of Molluscan Pharmacology

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Transmission at Synapses within the Central Nervous System

III. Chemical Transmission at Neuromuscular Junctions

IV. Chemical Regulation of Molluscan Hearts

V. General Discussion of Chemical Transmission in Mollusks

VI. Toxic Substances Elaborated by Mollusks

VII. General Discussion of Molluscan Biotoxins

References

Chapter 14. Biochemical Ecology of Mollusca

I. Introduction

II. Aquatic Mollusks

III. Intertidal Mollusks

IV. Land Mollusks

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Author Index

Subject Index