Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism

1st Edition - December 11, 1991
Editor: Steven Nissen
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 1 3 8 - 3

Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism grew out of a series of seminars (Modern Views in Nutrition) held in 1989 at Iowa State University. These seminars and this book… Read more

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Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism grew out of a series of seminars (Modern Views in Nutrition) held in 1989 at Iowa State University. These seminars and this book were financed primarily through the Wise and Helen Burroughs Lectureship endowment generously established by the late Dr. Wise Burroughs and his wife Helen. This book comprises 12 chapters, and begins with a focus on amino acid analysis in food and physiological samples. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss concepts and techniques on nitrogen balance; determination of the amino acid requirements of animals; and novel methods for determining protein and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs. Other chapters cover measurement of protein digestion in ruminants; evaluation of protein status in humans; surgical models to measure organ amino acid metabolism in vivo; and measurement of whole-body protein content in vivo. The remaining chapters discuss estimation of protein synthesis and proteolysis in vitro; isotopic estimation of protein synthesis and proteolysis in vivo; n-glycine as a tracer to study protein metabolism in vivo; and mathematical models of protein metabolism. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of human nutrition and medicine.

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Amino Acid Analysis in Food and Physiological Samples

I. Introduction

II. Protein Hydrolysis

III. Analysis of Physiological Samples

IV. Specific Amino Acid Considerations

References

Chapter 2. Nitrogen Balance: Concepts and Techniques

I. Introduction

II. Nitrogen Balance: Concepts

III. Nitrogen Balance: Techniques

IV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 3. Determination of the Amino Acid Requirements of Animals

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Genotype, Health, Environment, and Social Factors

III. The Dose

IV. The Response

V. Data Analysis

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 4. Novel Methods for Determining Protein and Amino Acid Digestibilities in Feedstuffs

I. Introduction

II. Methods for Measuring Apparent Ileal Protein and Amino Acid Digestibilities

III. Methods for Measuring Recovery of Endogenous Protein and Amino Acids at the Distal Ileum

IV. The Mobile Nylon Bag Technique for Determining Nutrient Digestibilities in Feedstuffs

V. Summary

References

Chapter 5. Measurement of Protein Digestion in Ruminants

I. Introduction

II. Forestomachs

III. Small Intestine

References

Chapter 6. Evaluation of Protein Status in Humans

I. Introduction

II. Clinical Indications

III. Nitrogen Balance

IV. Blood Urea Nitrogen

V. Plasma Proteins

VI. Plasma Amino Acids

VII. Stable Isotopes

VIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 7. Surgical Models to Measure Organ Amino Acid Metabolism In Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Canine Model

III. Methods for Estimating Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism

IV. Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Measurement of Whole-Body Protein Content In Vivo

I. Introduction

II. In Vivo Neutron Activation Analysis

III. Alternative Techniques

IV. In Vivo Total Body Protein Measurements

References

Chapter 9. Estimation of Protein Synthesis and Proteolysis In Vitro

I. Introduction

II. Global View of In Vitro Measurements

III. Protein Synthesis

IV. Protein Degradation

References

Chapter 10. Isotopic Estimation of Protein Synthesis and Proteolysis In Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Indirect Measurements of Whole Body Protein Turnover

III. Measurement of Tissue Protein Metabolism In Vivo: Direct Labeling and Indirect Nondestructive Measurements

IV. Heterogeneity of the Free Amino Acid Pool and the Precursor Problem

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 11. 15N-Glycine as a Tracer to Study Protein Metabolism In Vivo

I. Introduction

II. In Vivo Measurement of Protein Synthesis Rates with Amino Acids

III. Direct Methods

IV. Indirect Methods

V.Route of Administration of 15N-Glycine

VI. Route of Nutrient Administration

VII. Nutritional State of the Subject during the Study

VIII. Which End-Product?

IX.Current Versions of the 15N-Glycine Method

X. Validity of the Results and Limitations

XI. Some Results Obtained with 15N-Glycine

XII. Is 15N-Glycine (Still) the Preferred 15N-Labeled Amino Acid?

References

Chapter 12. Mathematical Models of Protein Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Empirical Models

III. Mechanistic Models

References

Index