Methods in Mammalian Reproduction

List of ContributorsPreface1 In Vitro Oocyte Maturation I. General Introduction II. Methods Employed in the Culture of Oocytes III. Special Applications IV. Summary References 2 The Experimental Production of Mammalian Parthenogenetic Embryos I. Introduction II. Culture Methods Relevant to in Vitro Parthenogenetic Activation III. Isolation of Eggs from Superovulated and Spontaneously Ovulating Females IV. Reaction of Eggs to Parthenogenetic Stimulation V. Effect of Postovulatory Aging of the Oocyte on the Activation Frequency and Types of Parthenogenones Induced VI. Basic Techniques VII. Conclusions References3 Manipulation of Ploidy in the Mouse I. Haploidy II. Triploidy III. Tetraploidy References 4 Methods for the High-Resolution Analysis of Protein Synthesis: Applications to Studies of Early Mammalian Development I. General Introduction II. Electrophoresis in SDS-Polyacrylamide Gradient Slab Gels III. Electrophoresis in Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gels IV. Special Applications V. Problems of Resolution and Interpretation VI. Note Added in Proof References 5 Microtechniques with Preimplantation Embryos I. General Considerations II. Basis of Technique III. Preparation of Embryos for Analysis IV. Specific Assays of Metabolites in Embryos References 6 Production of Chimeras by Injecting Cells or Tissue into the Blastocyst I. Introduction II. Outline of the Approach III. Micromanipulation System IV. Equipment for Making Glass Micro-Instruments V. Preparation of the Micro-Instruments VI. Setting Up the Micro-Instruments on the Manipulator Assembly VII. Blastocyst Injection References7 Techniques for Separating Early Embryonic Tissues I. Introduction II. The Embryos III. Tissue Separation IV. Other Possible Procedures References 8 Methods for the Preservation of Mammalian Embryos by Freezing I. Introduction II. Embryologic Methods III. Sample Preparation IV. Freezing and Thawing Procedures V. Sample Recovery VI. Conclusions References 9 Immunologic Inhibition of Development I. Introduction II. Antiserum Production and Collection III. Determination of Antiserum Activity and Specificity IV. Evaluation of Antibody Activity V. Summary References 10 In Vitro Development of Whole Mouse Embryos beyond the Implantation Stage I. Introduction II. Collagen III. Sera IV. Culture Media V. Obtaining Blastocysts from Mice VI. Preparation of Blastocysts VII. The Water-Jacketed, Automatic CO2 Control Incubators VIII. Mouse Development in Vitro IX. Proliferation of Trophoblast References 11 Implantation of Mouse Blastocysts in Vitro I. Introduction II. Preparation and Handling of Blastocysts III. Preparation of Uterine Monolayers IV. In Vitro Blastocyst Implantation Studies V. Prevention of Blastocyst Implantation in Vitro References 12 Advances in Rabbit Embryo Culture I. Introduction II. Preparation of Embryo Donors III. Embryo Collection IV. Culture Methods References 13 Advances in Large Mammal Embryo Culture I. Introduction II. Culture of Ovine Embryos III. Culture of Bovine Embryos References 14 Embryo Transfer in Large Domestic Mammals I. Introduction II. Facilities and Equipment III. Procedures IV. Future Directions References 15 Manipulation of Marsupial Embryos and Pouch Young I. Introduction II. Animal Husbandry to Obtain Timed Stages of Gestation III. Surgery IV. Manipulation of Early Embryos V. Collection of Fetal and Uterine Fluids and Tissues VI. Postnatal Development VII. Conclusions References 16 Experimentation Involving Primate Embryos I. Introduction II. Recovery of Ova and Embryos from the Female Reproductive Tract III. Gamete Recovery, in Vitro Fertilization, Embryo Culture, and Embryo Transfer IV. In Vitro Testing of Potentially Teratogenic Agents V. Conclusions References 17 Transplanting and Explanting Organ Primordia I. Transplanting Embryonic Tissues and Organs II. The Separation and Recombination of Embryonic Tissues III. A Few Comments on the in Vitro Culture of Organ Primordia References18 The Regeneration of Mammalian Limbs and Limb Tissues I. Introduction II. Extremities III. Skeletal Muscle IV. Bone V. Peripheral Nerve VI. Concluding Remarks References19 Pheromones, Estrus, Ovulation, and Mating I. Introduction II. Patterns of Reproduction in Laboratory Mammals III. The Role of Pheromones IV. The Exploitation of Pheromonal Effects V. Mating and Ovulation Soon after Pairing VI. Other Useful Techniques VII. Male Performance VIII. Summary References 20 Experimentally Delayed Implantation I. Introduction II. Implantation Delay as an Experimental Model III. Achievement and Maintenance of Implantation Delay IV. Reversal of Implantation Delay and Induction of Blastocyst Activation V. Implantation Delay in Vitro References 21 Laparoscopic Research Techniques in Mammalian Embryology I. Historical Aspects of Laparoscopy II. General Comments III. Laboratory Rodents, Rabbits, Birds, and Exotic Animals IV. Dogs and Cats V. Nonhuman Primates VI. Domestic Animals VII. Summary References 22 The Use of Amniocentesis in Prenatal Diagnosis I. Introduction II. Amniocentesis III. Ultrasound IV. Cell Culture Techniques V. Chromosome Analyses with Banding Techniques VI. Reported Experience with Human Prenatal Diagnosis VII. Problems, Ethics, and Future of Prenatal Diagnosis References 23 Collection and Analysis of Female Genital Tract Secretions I. Introduction II. Methods for Collection of Female Genital Tract Secretions III. Methods for Analysis of Female Genital Tract Secretions References 24 Experimental Approaches for Elucidating the Antifertility Action of Intrauterine Devices in Monkeys and Rodents I. Introduction II. Insertion of IUD’s III. Procedure for Embryo Recovery from Primate Uteri IV. Embryo Recovery in Mice V. Analysis of the Cell Content of Uterine Flushes from Monkeys and Rodents VI. Future Research References 25 Surgical Induction of Endometriosis I. Introduction II. Animals III. Surgery IV. Graft Identity ReferencesIndex